Materials Design, Sensing Performance and Mechanism of Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride Gas Sensor Based on Amino-Functionalized MIL-101(Cr) for New Energy Vehicles

Abstract

To guarantee the security of new energy vehicles (NEV), which include energy storage devices such as batteries, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor was designed to detect online the HF gas produced from the leakage of electrolyte in the power system. Based on the chemical properties of HF gas, an amino-functionalized metal–organic framework NH2-MIL-101 (Cr) was synthesized as a sensing material of a QCM transducer to detect HF gas for NEV safeguard. The sensing materials are designed based on the hydrogen bond interaction between the amino group and HF molecular and were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), etc. The performance of this sensor showed high sensitivity, with a limit of detection at 500 ppb, short response/recovery time and good reproducibility for anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (AHF) detection. Additionally, the sensing mechanism of NH2-MIL-101(Cr) QCM resonator to AHF is revealed to be reversible chemical adsorption by Gaussian 09. It is well-matched with a result of experimental determination through temperature-varying microgravimetric experiments. Therefore, the amino-functionalized MIL-101(Cr) QCM resonator may be a good candidate for an NEV safety monitor due to its rapid response to HF leaked from the decomposition of the electrolyte.

MIL-101-NH2 -CC/Melamine@Co2+ as a novel heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles and reduction of methylene blue

“…1). The XRD pattern of MIL-101-NH 2 showed the formation and integrity of MOF, which was compatible with the reported literature and illustrated that the MIL-101-NH 2 was successfully synthesized [33,34]. The MIL-101-NH 2 -CC/Melamine@Co 2+ has an isostructural pattern comparable to that of the pristine MIL-101-NH 2 , indicating the preservation of the crystalline structure of the frameworks during the post-synthesis process.…”

Grafting (S)-2-Phenylpropionic Acid on Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal Centers of MIL−101(Al) Metal–Organic Frameworks for Improved Enantioseparation

“…However, the characteristic peaks of NH 2 −MIL−101@SiO 2 were wider and weaker than those of MIL−101@SiO 2 , which indicated the poorer crystallinity of NH 2 −MIL−101@SiO 2 . This broad Bragg reflection of NH 2 −MIL−101@SiO 2 might result from the small size effect [ 66 ]. Comparing the crystal peaks before and after modification, MIL−101−Ppa@SiO 2 and NH 2 −MIL−101−Ppa@SiO 2 had no new diffraction peaks, so it was assumed that Ppa did not influence the crystal structure of MOFs.…”

Elucidating Improvements to MIL‐101(Cr)’s Porosity and Particle Size Distributions based on Innovations and Fine‐Tuning in Synthesis Procedures

“…obtained HF‐MIL‐101(Cr) 660–700 nm in diameter, whereas their CH 3 COOLi‐MIL‐101(Cr) is 260–280 nm in diameter. [ 27 ] Figure 8a also shows that MIL‐101(Cr) prepared using acetate salts [ 126–134 ] tends to be smaller than HF‐MIL‐101(Cr). Reportedly, acetate (CH 3 COO − ) ions form chromium trimeric acetate building units with Cr 3+ ions and the subsequent exchange between BDC 2− and the CH 3 COO − ions yields highly crystalline MIL‐101(Cr) particles.…”

“…[27] Specifically, CH 3 COONa was the acetate salt of choice as it is less hazardous than CH 3 COOLi (Table 3). [113,[126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137] Despite providing the same monocarboxylate anion as CH 3 COOH, acetate salts form mildly alkaline solutions [27] and are less hazardous than CH 3 COOH (Table 3). Hence, acetate salts also aid the dissolution of H 2 BDC for high nucleation rates and slow crystal growth.…”