Materials Issues for Use of Hydrogen in Internal Combustion Engines

Jones, Russell H.

doi:10.1201/9781420006070.ch13

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…This can be achieved by water electrolyzers that combine a water oxidation anode with a cathode for proton reduction. Of these two processes, the oxidation of water is thermodynamically very demanding: 2 H 2 O O 2 + 4 H + + 4e -1.2 V vs SHE (pH 0) [1] The theoretical potential required to drive water oxidation falls to 0.82 V at pH 7. In practice, however, mechanistic complexity coupled with a substantial activation barrier means that a large electrochemical overpotential is needed to drive this reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many of these rely on fossil fuels and the subsequent release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere (for example, steam reforming from natural gas). [1] An ideal source of hydrogen gas is through the splitting of water using renewable energy sources (2H 2 O O 2 + 2H 2 ). This can be achieved by water electrolyzers that combine a water oxidation anode with a cathode for proton reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It remains one of the most promising fuels of the future. [1,2] Hydrogen can be produced using a variety of techniques and from a range of feedstocks. However, many of these rely on fossil fuels and the subsequent release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere (for example, steam reforming from natural gas).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A bio-inspired molecular water oxidation catalyst for renewable hydrogen generation: an examination of salt effects

et al. 2009

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Most transport fuels are derived from fossil fuels, generate greenhouse gases, and consume significant amounts of water in the extraction, purification, and/or burning processes. The generation of hydrogen using solar energy to split water, ideally from abundant water sources such as sea water or other non-potable sources, could potentially provide an unlimited, clean fuel for the future. Solar, electrochemical water splitting typically combines a photoanode at which water oxidation occurs, with a cathode for proton reduction to hydrogen. In recent work, we have found that a bioinspired tetra-manganese cluster catalyzes water oxidation at relatively low overpotentials (0.38 V) when doped into a Nafion proton conduction membrane deposited on a suitable electrode surface, and illuminated with visible light. We report here that this assembly is active in aqueous and organic electrolyte solutions containing a range of different salts in varying concentrations. Similar photocurrents were obtained using electrolytes containing 0.0 -0.5 M sodium sulfate, sodium perchlorate or sodium chloride. A slight decline in photocurrent was observed for sodium perchlorate but only at and above 5.0 M concentration. In acetonitrile and acetone solutions containing 10% water, increasing the electrolyte concentration was found to result in leaching of the catalytic species from the membrane and a decrease in photocurrent. Leaching was not observed when the system was tested in an ionic liquid containing water, however, a lower photocurrent was generated than observed in aqueous electrolyte. We conclude that immersion of the membrane in an aqueous solution containing an electrolyte concentration of 0.05 -0.5M represent good conditions for operation for the cubium/Nafion catalytic system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%