1994
DOI: 10.1557/s0883769400047709
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Materials Issues in Copper Interconnections

Abstract: Significant progress has been made in building multilevel copper interconnection systems for advanced microelectronics. In this article, we examine some of the materials science issues underlying this progress, and indicate where significant materials challenges remain. It is probable that several approaches to process integration will be developed for copper interconnections, as has been the case with aluminum systems. The first successful demonstration of a fully integrated 4-level copper/polyimide (Cu/PI) i… Show more

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Cited by 86 publications
(50 citation statements)
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“…Assuming that both C and O have same scattering effect, the rate of the resistivity increase for these impurities can be estimated to be ~2 ·cm/at.%, which is close to the value for bulk Cu (1 ·cm/at.%). [19,20] The deposition temperature has a less pronounced effect than O 2 exposure. The Saturation of the growth rate with increasing temperature was also observed for the Ru(thd) 3 and RuCp 2 systems, which suggests these ALD processes follow a reaction mechanism similar to the one discussed by T. Aaltonen et al: Ru films are deposited by oxidizing the precursor ligands with dissociatively adsorbed oxygen from the subsurface region.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Assuming that both C and O have same scattering effect, the rate of the resistivity increase for these impurities can be estimated to be ~2 ·cm/at.%, which is close to the value for bulk Cu (1 ·cm/at.%). [19,20] The deposition temperature has a less pronounced effect than O 2 exposure. The Saturation of the growth rate with increasing temperature was also observed for the Ru(thd) 3 and RuCp 2 systems, which suggests these ALD processes follow a reaction mechanism similar to the one discussed by T. Aaltonen et al: Ru films are deposited by oxidizing the precursor ligands with dissociatively adsorbed oxygen from the subsurface region.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…El difractograma de la superficie metálica mostró una excelente orientación cristalográfica ya que la relación entre las intensidades de las difracciones principales de I(111)/I(200) = 6, es casi tres veces mayor que el patrón del estándar del cobre policristalino; además, las reflexiones están ligeramente desplazadas hacia valores mayores de 2θ, debido a los esfuerzos intrínsecos generados durante el crecimiento. Este comportamiento difiere de otros estudios, donde el cobre muestra una textura definida en el plano (200) con la presencia de cobalto [11]; sin embargo, es similar cuando el depósito se realiza por haz de iones asistido [14].…”
Section: Resultsunclassified
“…Debido al calentamiento Joule de la muestra, al incrementar la corriente hasta 1.6 A, se rompieron los contactos y se observó la aparición de unas manchas oscuras sobre la superficie de la capa de cobre. Estos resultados son similares a las aleaciones de cobre donde a bajas temperaturas (< 300°C) no se detectan cambios debido a esfuerzos ya que el coeficiente de expansión térmico permanece casi constante [11], a diferencia del aluminio que se comporta como un material elástico [15]. Este desplazamiento ocurre a bajas temperaturas (120 °C), por lo que el cobre se comporta como un material plástico bajo estas condiciones [16].…”
Section: Resultsunclassified
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