Materials properties measurements and particle beam interactions studies using electrostatic levitation

Paradis, Paul‐François; Ishikawa, Takehiko; Lee, Geun Woo; Holland‐Moritz, D.; Brillo, Jürgen; Rhim, Won‐Kyu; Okada, Junpei

doi:10.1016/j.mser.2013.12.001

Cited by 121 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 227 publications

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“…Given the likelihood of contamination of the refractory melts at UHT, containerless approaches are preferred, such as electrostatic, 19 aerodynamic [20][21][22] or acoustic 23,24 levitation techniques. While these methods are currently preferred for measuring structure, 10,11,25,26 total conductivity, 21 density, viscosity and surface tension 24,27 or even integral thermodynamic properties, 28 the sample size is necessarily small (1-4 mm) and each method is limited to their respective subset of compatible atmospheres (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Study of a Pendant Molten Alumina Droplet and Its Application for Thermodynamic Property Measurements of Al-Ir

Nakanishi

Allanore

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Limited knowledge of the thermodynamic and transport properties of refractory materials in the liquid state remains a key challenge limiting their application. Using alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) techniques, the electrochemical kinetics of oxygen evolution and metal deposition was investigated in a pendant droplet of molten alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) with three iridium (Ir) electrodes in a thermal imaging furnace. For the first time, the direct electrolytic decomposition of molten Al 2 O 3 to oxygen gas and aluminum ( Structural materials developed for lasers, nuclear, aerospace or materials processing are required to sustain high temperature, and therefore often rely on solid refractory materials, e.g. iridium-based superalloys exhibiting exceptional corrosion and creep resistance.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Study of a Pendant Molten Alumina Droplet and Its Application for Thermodynamic Property Measurements of Al-Ir

Nakanishi

Allanore

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Note that Equations (1)- (6) require homogeneous nucleation, supercooling, and the thermophysical parameters (e.g., melting temperature, supercooled temperature, fusion enthalpy, density or volume, viscosity, and time). The requirement can be achieved by ESL, which is depicted in details [46].…”

Section: Classical Nucleation Theory: Estimation Of Crystal-liquid Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Metastable Crystals from Supercooled, Supersaturated, and Supercompressed Liquids: Role of Crystal-Liquid Interfacial Free Energy

Lee

2017

Crystals

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Abstract:The formation mechanism of metastable crystals from metastable liquids still remains elusive, although controlling the metastability of crystals and liquids already plays a crucial role in designing new materials in physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science. This review article describes how metastable phases can be obtained by controlling temperature, concentration, and pressure. In particular, I show the role of crystal-liquid interfacial free energy in the formation of metastable crystals from metastable liquids at a given driving force. In a microscopic viewpoint, local structure similarity between the metastable crystals and liquid determines the crystal-liquid interfacial free energy, and thus the nucleation barrier for the metastable crystals. The effect of the interfacial free energy on the formation of metastable crystals from supercooled, supersaturated, and supercompressed liquids will be demonstrated with metallic liquids, aqueous solutions, and water.

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“…The sample temperature is monitored by pyrometers, and the sample shape is monitored by CCD cameras. More detailed explanations of specific facilities are found elsewhere [10,11]. …”

Section: Electrostatic Levitaiton Furnacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Developments include thermophysical property measurements (density [2], surface tension [3], viscosity [3], heat capacity [4], electrical resistivity [5,6]) of high-temperature melts, and the combination of levitation with either synchrotron radiation sources [7] or neutron sources [8,9] to unveil the structure of high temperature melts. These activities and the obtained scientific results have been summarized in a few review papers [10,11]. This paper focuses exclusively on the technological development of handling materials whose melting temperatures are above 3000 K.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of Handling, Processing, and Studying Liquid and Supercooled Materials at Temperatures above 3000 K with Electrostatic Levitation

Ishikawa

Paradis

2017

Crystals

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Abstract:Over the last 20 years, great progress has been made in techniques for electrostatic levitation, with innovations such as containerless thermophysical property measurements and combination of levitators with synchrotron radiation source and neutron beams, to name but a few. This review focuses on the technological developments necessary for handling materials whose melting temperatures are above 3000 K. Although the original electrostatic levitator designed by Rhim et al. allowed the handling, processing, and study of most metals with melting points below 2500 K, several issues appeared, in addition to the risk of contamination, when metals such as Os, Re, and W were processed. This paper describes the procedures and the innovations that made successful levitation and the study of refractory metals at extreme temperatures (>3000 K) possible; namely, sample handling, electrode design (shape and material), levitation initiation, laser heating configuration, and UV range imaging. Typical results are also presented, putting emphasis on the measurements of density, surface tension, and viscosity of refractory materials in their liquid and supercooled phases. The data obtained are exemplified by tungsten, which has the highest melting temperature among metals (and is second only to carbon in the periodic table), rhenium and osmium. The remaining technical difficulties such as temperature measurement and evaporation are discussed.

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Materials properties measurements and particle beam interactions studies using electrostatic levitation

Cited by 121 publications

References 227 publications

Electrochemical Study of a Pendant Molten Alumina Droplet and Its Application for Thermodynamic Property Measurements of Al-Ir

Electrochemical Study of a Pendant Molten Alumina Droplet and Its Application for Thermodynamic Property Measurements of Al-Ir

Formation of Metastable Crystals from Supercooled, Supersaturated, and Supercompressed Liquids: Role of Crystal-Liquid Interfacial Free Energy

Challenges of Handling, Processing, and Studying Liquid and Supercooled Materials at Temperatures above 3000 K with Electrostatic Levitation

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