Electronic Waste 2021
DOI: 10.1002/9783527816392.ch5
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Materials Used in Electronic Equipment and Manufacturing Perspectives*

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Cited by 1 publication
(2 citation statements)
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“…It is generally agreed that the breakthrough in the elec-tronics industry was brought about by the invention of the transistor in 1947 (Munchen et al, 2019). This was followed by the invention and evolution of integrated circuits (ICs), and by the 1980s, these had become miniaturised and inexpensive thereby stimulating their use in various consumer products.…”
Section: Circular Economy Drivers: Materials Focusmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…It is generally agreed that the breakthrough in the elec-tronics industry was brought about by the invention of the transistor in 1947 (Munchen et al, 2019). This was followed by the invention and evolution of integrated circuits (ICs), and by the 1980s, these had become miniaturised and inexpensive thereby stimulating their use in various consumer products.…”
Section: Circular Economy Drivers: Materials Focusmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For instance, a number of rare-earth metals and platinum group metals, are listed as critical raw materials (CRM) by a number of countries and regions including the USA, EU, Japan, and China. The majority of these metals are usually produced as by-products of basic metals with predictions of potential scarcity of reserves in the near future (Munchen et al, 2019).…”
Section: Circular Economy Drivers: Materials Focusmentioning
confidence: 99%