Maternal Age, Parity and Nursing Status at Fertilization Affects Postpartum Lactation Up to Weaning in Horses

Derisoud, Emilie; Auclair-Ronzaud, Juliette; Rousseau-Ralliard, Delphine; Philau, Sabrina; Aujean, Etienne; Durand, Alexia; Dahirel, Michèle; Charlier, Madia; Boutinaud, Marion; Wimel, Laurence; Chavatte‐Palmer, Pascale

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104868

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…There is a marked association between equine embryo size and transcript abundance, as demonstrated by Vegas et al (2022). It is important to mention that this variation is influenced not only by intrinsic factors, such as embryo size variability (Cuervo-Arango et al, 2018), but also by maternal factors (Derisoud et al, 2023). This embryo-uterus interaction brings more complexity to the search for putative embryo viability biomarkers and the development of embryo maturation media.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective study of the proteome of equine pre‐implantation embryo

Teles Filho,

Sanchez,

Viana

et al. 2024

Reprod Domestic Animals

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The present study was conducted to investigate the global proteome of 8‐day‐old equine blastocysts. Follicular dynamics of eight adult mares were monitored by ultrasonography and inseminated 24 h after the detection of a preovulatory follicle. Four expanded blastocysts were recovered, pooled, and subjected to protein extraction and mass spectrometry. Protein identification was conducted based on four database searches (PEAKS, Proteome Discoverer software, SearchGUI software, and PepExplorer). Enrichment analysis was performed using g:Profiler, Panther, and String platforms. After the elimination of identification redundancies among search tools (at three levels, based on identifiers, peptides, and cross‐database mapping), 1977 proteins were reliably identified in the samples of equine embryos. Proteomic analysis unveiled robust metabolic activity in the 8‐day equine embryo, highlighted by an abundance of proteins engaged in key metabolic pathways like the TCA cycle, ATP biosynthesis, and glycolysis. The prevalence of chaperones among highly abundant proteins suggests that regulation of protein folding, and degradation is a key process during embryo development. These findings pave the way for developing new strategies to improve equine embryo media and optimize in vitro fertilization techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective study of the proteome of equine pre‐implantation embryo

Teles Filho,

Sanchez,

Viana

et al. 2024

Reprod Domestic Animals

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“…Placenta and milk, being both at the interface between the mother and the offspring, might be involved in maternal programming. In the horse, other factors, such as maternal nutrition, age, parity, nursing status, or breed, have been shown to affect placental structure and function as well as milk composition [ 4 , 42 , 43 ]. The effects of maternal obesity on placental structure and function as well as milk composition are, however, still unknown in horses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity during Pregnancy in the Horse: Effect on Term Placental Structure and Gene Expression, as Well as Colostrum and Milk Fatty Acid Concentration

Robles,

Rousseau-Ralliard,

Dubois

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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In horses, the prevalence of obesity is high and associated with serious metabolic pathologies. Being a broodmare has been identified as a risk factor for obesity. In other species, maternal obesity is known to affect the development of the offspring. This article is a follow-up study of previous work showing that Obese mares (O, n = 10, body condition score > 4.25 at insemination) were more insulin resistant and presented increased systemic inflammation during pregnancy compared to Normal mares (N, n = 14, body condition score < 4 at insemination). Foals born to O mares were more insulin-resistant, presented increased systemic inflammation, and were more affected by osteoarticular lesions. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of maternal obesity on placental structure and function, as well as the fatty acid profile in the plasma of mares and foals, colostrum, and milk until 90 days of lactation, which, to our knowledge, has been poorly studied in the horse. Mares from both groups were fed the same diet during pregnancy and lactation. During lactation, mares were housed in pasture. A strong heat wave, followed by a drought, occurred during their 2nd and 3rd months of lactation (summer of 2016 in the Limousin region, France). In the present article, term placental morphometry, structure (stereology), and gene expression (RT-qPCR, genes involved in nutrient transport, growth, and development, as well as vascularization) were studied. Plasma of mares and their foals, as well as colostrum and milk, were sampled at birth, 30 days, and 90 days of lactation. The fatty acid composition of these samples was measured using gas chromatography. No differences between the N and O groups were observed for term placental morphometry, structure, or gene expression. No difference in plasma fatty acid composition was observed between groups in mares. The plasma fatty acid profile of O foals was more pro-inflammatory and indicated an altered placental lipid metabolism between birth and 90 days of age. These results are in line with the increased systemic inflammation and altered glucose metabolism observed until 18 months of age in this group. The colostrum fatty acid profile of O mares was more pro-inflammatory and indicated an increased transfer and/or desaturation of long-chain fatty acids. Moreover, O foals received a colostrum poorer in medium-chain saturated fatty acid, a source of immediate energy for the newborn that can also play a role in immunity and gut microbiota development. Differences in milk fatty acid composition indicated a decreased ability to adapt to heat stress in O mares, which could have further affected the metabolic development of their foals. In conclusion, maternal obesity affected the fatty acid composition of milk, thus also influencing the foal’s plasma fatty acid composition and likely participating in the developmental programming observed in growing foals.

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