Maternal alcohol intakes before and during pregnancy: Impact on the mother and infant outcome to 18 months

McDonald, Barry; Watson, P E

doi:10.1177/1455072520905404

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The significant association of frequent tella drinking events during pregnancy with stunting in the present study was consistent with a study in New Zealand, which assessed maternal alcohol intakes before and during pregnancy and reported their association with child growth restriction among children (4) . Another study also demonstrated the association of prenatal alcohol exposure with intrauterine growth restriction and suggested that this effect might persist well into early adulthood (33) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Tellaintake among pregnant and lactating mothers: may it affect child growth?

2022

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Alcohol abuse among women is a public health importance that may impair prenatal and postnatal growth. Tella is among the most common homemade alcoholic beverages in rural Ethiopia, but little is known about the magnitude of tella intake during pregnancy and lactation or its effects on child growth. The present study investigated associations between maternal tella intake and the growth of their children. A cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted with mothers (n 228) and their 12–36-month-old children and with key informants (n 12). Tella intake during most recent pregnancy and lactation was estimated retrospectively by glasses per drinking event and frequency of events. Nearly 80 % of mothers had consumed some amount of tella during their most recent pregnancy and lactation. Furthermore, 72 % of children had tasted or drunk tella at some time during their life. Stunting was 42 % and was significantly associated with maternal tella consumption at least every other day during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4⋅97, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 2⋅20, 11⋅25), male sex (AOR 2⋅31, 95 % CI 1⋅27, 4⋅19), two or more under-5-year-old children in the household (AOR 3⋅52, 95 % CI 1⋅49, 8⋅33) and family size >5 (AOR 1⋅84, 95 % CI 1⋅01, 3⋅36). Underweight was 24⋅6 % and was associated with the child drinking tella with their mother (AOR 4⋅23, 95 % CI 1⋅99, 8⋅97), being male (AOR 3⋅73, 95 % CI 1⋅73, 7⋅94), having ≥3 diarrhoeal episodes in the last 3 months (AOR 11⋅83, 95 % CI 4⋅22, 33⋅14) and being in the older age group (AOR 2⋅98, 95 % CI 1⋅09, 8⋅13). The associations between tella intake and child growth suggest the need to mitigate the effects of tella on child anthropometry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Tellaintake among pregnant and lactating mothers: may it affect child growth?

2022

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“…Previous studies show PAE before pregnancy is associated with other aspects of child developments, and the association is explained by maternal metabolic disorders such as impaired maternal glucose homeostasis and hepatic steatosis. [31][32][33] The mechanism of the association with the face could be similar, but further investigations are needed to test this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between prenatal alcohol exposure and children’s facial shape. A prospective population-based cohort study

Liu

Kayser

Kushner

et al. 2021

Preprint

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IMPORTANCEChildren exposed to a high level of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) are more likely to develop fetal alcohol spectrum disorder with adverse phenotypes on their faces. However, it is still poorly understood, which level of PAE is associated with facial manifestation and if such associations persist during childhood.OBJECTIVETo examine the association between PAE and children’s facial phenotype in a prospective multi-ethnic population-based study.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis study was based on the Generation R Study, a prospective cohort from fetal life onwards with maternal and offspring data. Children had a 3D facial image taken at ages 9 (n=3160) and 13 years (n=2492).EXPOSURESWe defined 6 levels of PAE based on the frequency and dose of alcohol consumption, and defined three tiers based on the timing of alcohol exposure of the unborn child.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESFor image analysis, we used 3D graph convolutional networks for non-linear dimensionality reduction, which compressed the high-dimensional images into 200 endophenotypes representing facial morphology. These facial endophenotypes were used as dependent variables in a linear regression analysis to search for associations with PAE. Finally, to detect specific facial components associated with PAE, we mapped statistically significant endophenotypes back to the 3D facial shape. We generated heatmaps to display the facial changes associated with PAE. PAE prediction based on facial shape was also performed; the prediction accuracy was estimated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).RESULTSA significant association between PAE and facial shape was found in the 9-year-old children, at all levels of alcohol exposure: the higher the level of exposure, the stronger the association. Moreover, PAE before and during pregnancy was associated with facial shape. The most common detected facial phenotypes included turned-up nose tip, shortened nose, turned-out jaw and turned-in lower-eyelid-related regions. For the 13-year-old children, the associations were weaker and the AUCs lower than those of the 9-years-old children.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEPAE before and during pregnancy, even at low level, is associated with the facial shape of children, and these associations become weaker as children grow older.Key pointsQuestionsWhich level of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with children’s facial shape at different lifetimes?FindingsA 3D facial phenotype analysis of 9- (N=3160) and 13- (N=2492) year-old children was conducted. PAE before and during pregnancy, even at low level, associates with the children’s facial shape; the association becomes weaker as children grow older.MeaningThe results suggest avoiding drinking alcohol at least three months before and during pregnancy is the safest option for the child. More research is needed to investigate the consequences of PAE on children; the discovered facial phenotypes could be used as a biomarker for further investigations.

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“…While evidence has been conflicting regarding the association between alcohol diagnosis prior to and during pregnancy and risk of adverse birth outcomes, one prospective cohort of 1303 pregnant women in the United Kingdom found that intakes of more than 2 units of alcohol/week before pregnancy, and in trimesters 1 and 2, were significantly associated with increased risk of babies with lower birth weight, lower birth centile, and preterm birth compared to non-drinkers [ 17 ]. Likewise, in a recent animal study in South Korea, alcohol consumption before or during pregnancy was associated with increased risk of abnormal fetal development in ethanol-fed mice, who not only had significantly decreased growth rates during the lactation period, but postnatal macrosomia [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, one study found that parental binge drinking before conception may be associated with a baby’s congenital heart defects [ 14 ], possibly because alcohol exposure affects the DNA in developing sperm [ 15 ]. Another study claimed that alcohol intake before and during pregnancy is not associated with infant motor development, and is only slightly associated with mean infant weight, length, and head circumference at birth [ 16 , 17 ]. Because such studies are still new, there is no evidence concerning the effects of a previous alcohol diagnosis on adverse birth outcomes, especially for a nationwide population-based cohort.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Use Disorders and Increased Risk of Adverse Birth Complications and Outcomes: An 11-Year Nationwide Cohort Study

Jee

Park

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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For women who suffer from Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs), the use of alcohol before and/or during pregnancy may result in various birth complications, including miscarriage, stillbirth, or preterm delivery. Thus, this study aimed to explore whether Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs) are associated with increased risk of adverse birth complications and outcomes. A total of 76,799 deliveries between 2003 and 2013 in the Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) were analyzed. Women with an AUD diagnosis preceding delivery were identified as individuals with alcohol dependence. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio of adverse birth complications and outcomes associated with alcohol dependence. Diagnosis of an AUD was associated with increased risk of adverse birth complications (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01–1.31, p = 0.0302). This was especially the case for women whose AUD diagnosis was in the same year as their delivery (HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.24–1.88, p < 0.0001). AUDs were associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, especially when prevalent in the same year as a woman’s delivery. Our study confirms that the monitoring of expecting women with a diagnosis of alcohol-related problems may be useful in preventing adverse birth complications.

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Maternal alcohol intakes before and during pregnancy: Impact on the mother and infant outcome to 18 months

Cited by 9 publications

References 49 publications

Tellaintake among pregnant and lactating mothers: may it affect child growth?

Tellaintake among pregnant and lactating mothers: may it affect child growth?

Association between prenatal alcohol exposure and children’s facial shape. A prospective population-based cohort study

Alcohol Use Disorders and Increased Risk of Adverse Birth Complications and Outcomes: An 11-Year Nationwide Cohort Study

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