Maternal alcohol use disorder and offspring ADHD: disentangling genetic and environmental effects using a children-of-twins design

Knopik, Valerie S.; Heath, Andrew C.; Jacob, Theodore; Slutske, Wendy S.; Bucholz, Kathleen K.; Madden, Pamela A. F.; Waldron, Mary; Martin, Nicholas G.

doi:10.1017/s0033291706007884

Cited by 176 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…33,34 Although some research suggests a possible association, even after controlling for prenatal smoking and parental alcohol abuse or dependence, findings based on children-of-twins or differentially exposed sibling-pair designs contradict this. 2,[35][36] Conflicting findings might also reflect a gene-environment interaction. 37 Relatively few studies have examined the relationship between binge drinking and childhood hyperactivity/inattention; some have not found an association and others have not separated out binge episodes from daily drinking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binge Pattern of Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy and Childhood Mental Health Outcomes: Longitudinal Population-Based Study

Heron²,

et al. 2009

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Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a risk factor for childhood mental health and learning problems. A recent systematic review recommended research that distinguishes between risks related to intermittent binge drinking and those related to regular background levels of drinking. What This Study AddsThe occasional consumption of Ն4 drinks per day during pregnancy is associated with child mental health problems in the absence of moderate daily levels of drinking. The main risks relate to hyperactivity and inattention problems. ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE. Patterns of alcohol consumption during pregnancy such as episodes of binge drinking may be as important as average levels of consumption in conferring risk for later childhood mental health and learning problems. However, it can be difficult to distinguish risk resulting from episodic or regular background levels of drinking. This large study investigates whether patterns of alcohol consumption are independently associated with child mental health and cognitive outcomes, whether there are gender differences in risk, and whether occasional episodes of higher levels of drinking carry any risk in the absence of regular daily drinking during pregnancy.METHODS. This prospective, population-based study used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We investigated the relationships between a binge pattern of alcohol use (consumption of Ն4 drinks in a day) in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and childhood mental health problems at 47 and 81 months of age (n ϭ 6355 and 5599, respectively). In a subgroup, we also investigated these relationships with child IQ at 49 months of age (n ϭ 924). RESULTS.After controlling for a range of prenatal and postnatal factors, any episodes of consuming Ն4 drinks in a day were independently associated with higher risks for mental health problems (especially hyperactivity/inattention) in girls at the age of 47 months and in both genders at 81 months. There was no association with IQ scores at 49 months after adjustment for confounders. The consumption of Ն4 drinks in a day continued to carry risk for mental health problems (especially hyperactivity/ inattention) in the absence of regular daily drinking.CONCLUSIONS. The consumption of Ն4 drinks in a day on an occasional basis during pregnancy may increase risk for child mental health problems in the absence of moderate daily levels of drinking. The main risks seem to relate to hyperactivity and inattention problems. Pediatrics 2009;123:e289-e296

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binge Pattern of Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy and Childhood Mental Health Outcomes: Longitudinal Population-Based Study

Heron²,

et al. 2009

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“…For example, Mathews et al (2006) found associations between subject's birth weight and a comorbid ADHD diagnosis in their TD cohort. Reports detailing in utero exposure to alcohol (Brookes et al 2006;Knopik et al 2006), smoking (Mick et al 2002;Rodriguez and Bohlin 2005;Thapar et al 2003), and other complications of pregnancy, delivery, and infancy (Batstra et al 2003;Linnet et al 2003;Milberger et al 1997;Sato et al 2004;Sprich-Buckminster et al 1993) have been repeatedly shown to be associated with ADHD. Perinatal complications may also influence the trajectories of certain disorders (moderators) through the development of comorbid disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risperidone-Induced Priapism in a 12-Year-Old Boy with Schizophrenia

Prabhuswamy

Srinath

Girimaji

et al. 2007

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

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Objective: To examine whether adverse perinatal experiences of children are associated with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in youth. Methods: Subjects were 130 children and adolescents with OCD recruited from a family genetic study of pediatric OCD and 49 matched controls from a contemporaneous family case-control study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Subjects were comprehensively assessed in multiple domains of function. A systematic history of pregnancy, delivery, and infancy complications was obtained. Results: Compared to normal controls, children with OCD had mothers with significantly higher rates of illness during pregnancy requiring medical care ( 2 ϭ 8.61, p ϭ 0.003) and more birth difficulties (induced labor, forceps delivery, nuchal cord, or prolonged labor) ( 2 ϭ 7.51, p ϭ 0.006). Among the OCD-affected children, we found several significant associations between adverse perinatal experiences and earlier age at onset, increased OCD severity, and increased risk for comorbid ADHD, chronic tic disorder, anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder. Conclusion: Although exploratory, our analyses found that children with OCD had higher rates of several adverse perinatal experiences compared with controls. Among OCD-affected children, comorbid psychopathology was predicted by specific perinatal risk factors. Prospective studies of perinatal adverse events that minimize potential recall bias and type I errors are needed. 373

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“…Twins are of primarily European descent and refl ect the predominantly white Australian population from which the cohort was ascertained (see Heath et al, 2001;Knopik et al, 2006). Twins were ascertained through their parents in response to fl yers distributed throughout Australian schools during 1980-1982(Heath et al, 2001.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and Illicit Drug Use Associations With Early Versus Delayed Reproduction: Findings in a Young Adult Cohort of Australian Twins

Waldron

Heath²,

Lynskey³

et al. 2009

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: This article examines relationships between reproductive onset and lifetime history of smoking, regular smoking, and nicotine dependence, and cannabis and other illicit drug use. Method: Data were drawn from a young adult cohort of 3,386 female and 2,751 male Australian twins born between 1964 and 1971. Survival analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazards regression models predicting age at fi rst childbirth from history of substance use or disorder separately by substance class. Other substance use or disorder, including alcohol dependence, as well as sociodemographic characteristics, history of psychopathology, and family and childhood risks, were included as control variables in adjusted models. Results: Regular smoking and nicotine dependence were associated with earlier reproduction, with pronounced effects for women. For women, use of cannabis was associated with early reproduction before age 20, and with delayed reproduction among women who have not reproduced by age 20 or 25. Adjustment for control variables only partially explained these associations. Conclusions: Consistent with research linking adolescent use with sexual risk taking predictive of early childbearing, regular smokers and nicotine-dependent individuals show earlier reproductive onset. In contrast, delays in childbearing associated with use of cannabis are consistent with impairments in reproductive ability and/or opportunities for reproduction. Continued research on risks both upstream and downstream of substance-use initiation and onset of substance-use disorder is needed for causal mechanisms to be fully understood. (J. Stud. Alcohol

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Maternal alcohol use disorder and offspring ADHD: disentangling genetic and environmental effects using a children-of-twins design

Cited by 176 publications

References 57 publications

Binge Pattern of Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy and Childhood Mental Health Outcomes: Longitudinal Population-Based Study

Binge Pattern of Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy and Childhood Mental Health Outcomes: Longitudinal Population-Based Study

Risperidone-Induced Priapism in a 12-Year-Old Boy with Schizophrenia

Smoking and Illicit Drug Use Associations With Early Versus Delayed Reproduction: Findings in a Young Adult Cohort of Australian Twins

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