Maternal and Child Health in Urban Sabah, Malaysia: A Comparison of Citizens and Migrants

Zulkifli, Siti Norazah; U, Khin Maw; Yusof, Khairuddin; Lin, Wong Yut

doi:10.1177/101053959400700302

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Nearly one in ten children in Bangladesh die before reaching the age of five. A similar pattern has been found when examining the use of health services among migrant and non-migrant groups (Bender et al, 1993;Tam, 1994;Zulkifli et al, 1994). The child survival advantage associated with urban residence in contemporary developing countries is documented in a large body of demographic literature (Davis, 1973;Behm & Vallin, 1982;Hobcraft et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Rural–urban Migration and Child Survival in Urban Bangladesh: Are the Urban Migrants and Poor Disadvantaged?

Islam

Azad

2008

J. Biosoc. Sci.

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This paper analyses the levels and trends of childhood mortality in urban Bangladesh, and examines whether children's survival chances are poorer among the urban migrants and urban poor. It also examines the determinants of child survival in urban Bangladesh. Data come from the 1999-2000 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. The results indicate that, although the indices of infant and child mortality are consistently better in urban areas, the urban-rural differentials in childhood mortality have diminished in recent years. The study identifies two distinct child morality regimes in urban Bangladesh: one for urban natives and one for rural-urban migrants. Under-five mortality is higher among children born to urban migrants compared with children born to life-long urban natives (102 and 62 per 1000 live births, respectively). The migrant-native mortality differentials more-or-less correspond with the differences in socioeconomic status. Like childhood mortality rates, rural-urban migrants seem to be moderately disadvantaged by economic status compared with their urban native counterparts. Within the urban areas, the child survival status is even worse among the migrant poor than among the average urban poor, especially recent migrants. This poor-non-poor differential in childhood mortality is higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The study findings indicate that rapid growth of the urban population in recent years due to rural-to-urban migration, coupled with higher risk of mortality among migrant's children, may be considered as one of the major explanations for slower decline in under-five mortality in urban Bangladesh, thus diminishing urban-rural differentials in childhood mortality in Bangladesh. The study demonstrates that housing conditions and access to safe drinking water and hygienic toilet facilities are the most critical determinants of child survival in urban areas, even after controlling for migration status. The findings of the study may have important policy implications for urban planning, highlighting the need to target migrant groups and the urban poor within urban areas in the provision of health care services.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Rural–urban Migration and Child Survival in Urban Bangladesh: Are the Urban Migrants and Poor Disadvantaged?

Islam

Azad

2008

J. Biosoc. Sci.

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“…Migrants were often reported to utilise ANC to a significantly lesser extent than either the natives or longer‐settled migrants (Zulkifli et al . ). Based on a systematic review, Heaman et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Migration and access to maternal healthcare: determinants of adequate antenatal care and institutional delivery among socio‐economically disadvantaged migrants in Delhi, India

Kusuma

Kumari

Kaushal

2013

Tropical Med Int Health

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Abstractobjective To identify the determinants of adequate antenatal care (ANC) utilisation and institutional deliveries among socio-economically disadvantaged migrants living in Delhi, India.methods In a cross-sectional survey, 809 rural-urban migrant mothers with a child aged below 2 years were interviewed with a pretested questionnaire. Data on receiving antenatal, delivery and post-natal services, migration history and other social, demographic and income were collected.results Recent migrants used the services significantly less than settled migrants. ANC was adequate only among 37% (35% of recent migrant women and 39% of settled migrants). Multinomial regression revealed that being a recent migrant, multiparous, illiterate and married to an unskilled worker were significant risk factors for receiving inadequate ANC. Around 53% of deliveries took place at home. ANC seeking has a strong influence on place of delivery: 70% of births to women who received inadequate ANC were at home. Women who are educated, had their first delivery after the age of 20 years and received adequate ANC were more likely to deliver their child in hospital. Post-natal care is grossly neglected among these groups.conclusion Migrant women, particularly recent migrants, are at the risk of not receiving adequate maternal healthcare. Because migration is a continuing phenomenon, measures to mitigate disadvantage due to migration need to be taken in the healthcare system.keywords antenatal care, internal migration, maternal health, primary healthcare

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“…One study in Malaysia found that while few migrant women never received any prenatal care during their pregnancy, they tended to initiate prenatal care as late as 7 months compared to local citizens starting prenatal care early in the first trimester [37]. Another study of migrant women in India indicated that only 37% of rural to urban migrants had adequate prenatal care and that recent migrants had prenatal visits significantly less than those who were more settled (35% VS. 39%) [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal care among rural to urban migrant women in China

Zong

Huang

Sun

et al. 2018

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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BackgroundThere is a very large population of internal migrants in China, and the majority of migrant women are of childbearing age. Little is known about their utilization of prenatal care and factors that influence this. We examined this using data from a large national survey of migrants.Methods5372 married rural to urban migrant women aged 20–34 who were included in the 2014 National Dynamic Monitoring Survey on Migrants and who delivered a baby within the previous two years were studied. We examined demographic and migration experience predictors of prenatal care in the first trimester and of adequate prenatal visits.Results12.6% of migrant women reported no examination in the first trimester and 27.6% had less than 5 prenatal visits during their latest pregnancy. Multivariate analysis indicated that demographic predictors of delayed and inadequate care included lower educational level, lower income and not having childbearing insurance. Migrating before pregnancy, longer time since migration, having migrated a greater distance, and not returning to their home town for delivery were correlated with better prenatal care.ConclusionsMany internal migrant women in China do not receive adequate prenatal care. While internal migration before pregnancy seems to promote adequate prenatal care, it also creates barriers to receiving care. Strategies to improve prenatal care utilization include expanding access to childbearing insurance and timely education for women before and after they migrate.

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Maternal and Child Health in Urban Sabah, Malaysia: A Comparison of Citizens and Migrants

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

Rural–urban Migration and Child Survival in Urban Bangladesh: Are the Urban Migrants and Poor Disadvantaged?

Rural–urban Migration and Child Survival in Urban Bangladesh: Are the Urban Migrants and Poor Disadvantaged?

Migration and access to maternal healthcare: determinants of adequate antenatal care and institutional delivery among socio‐economically disadvantaged migrants in Delhi, India

Prenatal care among rural to urban migrant women in China

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