Maternal and Child Nutrition and Oral Health in Urban Vietnam

Huang, Debbie; Sokal-Gutierrez, Karen; Chung, Kevin Kien Hoa; Lin, Wenting; Khanh, Linh Ngo; Chung, Raymond T.; Hoang, Hung Trong; Ivey, Susan L.

doi:10.3390/ijerph16142579

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although high rates of breastfeeding are reported in this study, bottle-feeding and supplemental feeding practices are not recorded. Other studies show high rates of mixed feeding [ 51 ] and bottle-feeding [ 52 ] in Vietnam – especially supplemental feeding with sweetened liquids and foods [ 53 ] that is associated with increased risk of child obesity [ 54 ]. Children of mothers with higher education may have greater risk of ow/ob because educated mothers may be working outside the home, curtailing the duration of breastfeeding, and leaving the child’s caregiver with money to buy “treats” such as snacks or sugary drinks [ 55 , 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early childhood factors associated with obesity at age 8 in Vietnamese children: The Young Lives Cohort Study

et al. 2021

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Background Over recent decades, Vietnam has experienced rapid economic growth, a nutrition transition from the traditional diet to highly-processed and calorie-dense foods and beverages, and an increasing prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity (ow/ob). The goal of this study is to describe the patterns of ow/ob in a longitudinal sample of Vietnamese children from ages 1 to 8, and the sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with ow/ob at age 8. Methods This study is a secondary data analysis of a geographically-representative, longitudinal cohort of 1961 Vietnamese children from the Young Lives Cohort Study from 2002 to 2009. Thirty-one communities were selected with oversampling in rural communities, and children age 1 were recruited from each community using simple random sampling. Surveys of families and measurements of children were collected at child ages 1, 5, and 8. Our specified outcome measure was childhood ow/ob at age 8, defined by the World Health Organization’s thresholds for body-mass-index (BMI) for age Z-scores. Associations between early and concurrent socio-behavioral factors, childhood nutrition and physical activity variables were analyzed using STATA 15. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were completed utilizing logistic regression models. Results The prevalence of ow/ob increased from 1.1% in both sexes at age 1 to 7% in females and 13% in males at age 8. Bivariate analyses show greater likelihood of ow/ob at age 8 was significantly associated with early life sociodemographic factors (at age 1), male sex (OR = 2.2, 1.6–3.1), higher wealth (OR = 1.1–1.4), and urban residence (OR = 4.3, 3–6). In adjusted analyses, ow/ob at age 8 was associated with early nutrition practices at age 5, including frequent consumption of powdered milk (OR = 2.8, 1.6–4.6), honey/sugar (OR = 2.7, 1.8–4.1), prepared restaurant/fast foods (OR = 4.6, 2.6–8.2), and packaged sweets (OR = 3.4, 2.3–4.9). In addition, breastfeeding for 6 months or longer was protective against obesity at age 8 (OR = 0.3, 0.1–0.9). Conclusions We found that increased consumption of powdered milk, honey/sugar, packaged sweets, and prepared restaurants/fast foods are associated with childhood ow/ob. In contrast, breastfeeding for 6 months or longer was protective against childhood ow/ob. These findings suggest that public health programs and campaigns aimed to prevent childhood ow/ob in Vietnam should target early feeding practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early childhood factors associated with obesity at age 8 in Vietnamese children: The Young Lives Cohort Study

et al. 2021

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“…Child overnutrition—due in part to the country’s economic transition and food environment shifts—has also increasingly become a vital health issue, resulting in an increased risk for childhood dental caries and obesity ( Baker et al. , 2016 ; Huang et al. , 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of two policies to extend maternity leave and further restrict marketing of breast milk substitutes in Vietnam: a qualitative study

Payán

Zahid

Glenn

et al. 2021

Health Policy and Planning

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Policy research can reveal gaps and opportunities to enhance policy impact and implementation. In this study, we use a theoretically informed qualitative approach to investigate implementation of two policies to promote breastfeeding in Vietnam. We conducted semi-structured interviews with national and local policy stakeholders (n=26) in 2017. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim, then translated to English by certified translators. Transcript data were analyzed using an integrated conceptual framework of policy implementation. Respondents identified several positive outcomes to implementing an extended maternity leave policy (Labour Code No. 10/2012/QH13) and further restrictions on marketing of breast milk substitutes (Decree No. 100/2014/ND-CP). Decree No. 100, in particular, was said to have reduced advertising of breast milk substitutes in mass media outlets and health care settings. Key implementation actors were national-level bureaucratic actors, local organizations, and international partners. Findings reveal the importance of policy precedence and a broader set of policies to promote the rights of women and children to support implementation. Other facilitators were involvement from national level implementing agencies and healthcare personnel, and strength of government relationships and coordination with non-governmental and international organizations. Implementation challenges included insufficient funding, limited training to report violations, a cumbersome reporting process, and pervasive misinformation about breastmilk and breast milk substitutes. Limited reach for women employed in the informal labor sector and in rural communities was said to be a compatibility issue for the extended maternity leave policy in addition to the lack of impact on non-parental guardians and caretakers. Recommendations to improve policy implementation include designating a role for international organizations to support implementation, expanding maternity protections for all working women, building local-level policy knowledge to support enforcement, simplifying Decree No. 100 violation reporting processes, and continuing to invest in interventions to facilitate a supportive policy environment in Vietnam.

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“…A dental health survey is crucial at a nationwide level. 1-3 It aims at providing vital information on community dental health–related problems. The statistical outputs from these surveys support the health care managerial strategy and contribute to the country's dental profile to the World Health Organization (WHO) to support global activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6][7] Such and similar nonlinear association is successfully modeled with the superiority of machine learning [8][9][10] in determining most causal factors. Besides, the interpretability is also afforded with several machine learning models, making these models relevant for this study for either (1) understanding the relationship or (2) for prediction. Such studies form a theoretical framework for implementing similar machine learning algorithms in a new periodontal dataset, particularly from developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Periodontal Conditions in the Provinces of Vietnam: Results From the National Dental Survey

Minh

Binh

Hai

et al. 2021

Asia Pac J Public Health

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Nationwide dental health surveys are crucial for providing essential information on dental health and dental condition–related problems in the community. However, the relationship between periodontal conditions and sociodemographic data has not been well investigated in Vietnam. With data from the National Oral Health Survey in 2019, we performed several machine learning methods on this dataset to investigate the impacts of sociodemographic features on gingival bleeding, periodontal pockets, and Community Periodontal Index. From the experiments, LightGBM produced a maximum AUC (area under the curve) value of 0.744. The other models in descending order were logistic regression (0.705), logiboost (0.704), and random forest (0.684). All methods resulted in significantly high overall accuracies, all exceeding 90%. The results show that the gradient boosting model can predict well the relationship between periodontal conditions and sociodemographic data. The investigated model also reveals that the geographic region has the most significant influence on dental health, while the consumption of sweet foods/drinks is the second most crucial. These findings advocate for a region-specific approach for the dental care program and the implementation of a sugar-risk food reduction program.

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Maternal and Child Nutrition and Oral Health in Urban Vietnam

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Early childhood factors associated with obesity at age 8 in Vietnamese children: The Young Lives Cohort Study

Early childhood factors associated with obesity at age 8 in Vietnamese children: The Young Lives Cohort Study

Implementation of two policies to extend maternity leave and further restrict marketing of breast milk substitutes in Vietnam: a qualitative study

Analysis of Periodontal Conditions in the Provinces of Vietnam: Results From the National Dental Survey

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