Maternal and Early Infant Care

Polak, John Osborn

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(15)30550-0

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…During those 20 years the systematic antenatal care system (regular visits) was introduced. Polak [21] decreased the rate of early neonatal mortality (first 7 days of life) to 10.8 ‰ compared to 30.9 ‰ in Mineapolis, USA, De Snoo [5] to 34.2 ‰ in relation to 123 ‰ in the Netherlands, Jäger [11] to 37.2 ‰ versus 60 ‰ in Germany. Döderlein [4] decreased perinatal mortality in his department during the years 1937Ϫ41 to 26.0 ‰ in relation to 52.2 ‰ for Germany at the same time.…”

Section: Antenatal Carementioning

confidence: 93%

“…Antenatal care with its clinical and social importance is now thoroughly established as a branch of therapeutic and preventive medicine. The first reports relating to lowering maternal and perinatal mortality were published in 1931 [21] and 1932 [5,11]. At that time (1928Ϫ30) the antenatal care began J. Perinat.…”

Section: Antenatal Carementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polak [21] from Minneapolis reports a decrease in maternal mortality from 5.8 to 2.2 per 1 000 deliveries, De Snoo [5] in Netherlands from 20.0 ‰ to 1.99 ‰, Döderlein [4] quotes 1.30 ‰ for Jena compared to 31.0 per thousand deliveries in that period in Germany. At that time anesthesia was harmful, the treatment of hemorrhage and of eclampsia was very inefficient and the control of infection almost none.…”

Section: Antenatal Carementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Towards the end of the 19 th century, and even in the first 30 years of the 20 th century, maternal mortality in the USA and West European countries was 5Ϫ30 per thousand pregnant women [5,19,21]. Today mortality is still very high in developing countries, exceeding 600 per 100 000 deliveries in Africa, 400/100 000 in Asia, while in Latin America and Caribbean countries the rate is 200Ϫ1000/100 000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the end of the 19 th century infant perinatal mortality in developed countries, in Europe and Northern America, was about 90 per thousand newborns, i. e. about 60 ‰ were stillborn and Ą 2001 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG Berlin · New York 30 ‰ died within the first 7 to 10 days of life. Even in the 1930s (1921Ϫ1930) perinatal mortality in developed countries was about 60 per thousand or more [3,4,5,11,15,19,21]. Today, the perinatal mortality rate in developed countries is between 5Ϫ10 per thousand [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antenatal care in developing countries. What should be done?

Dražančić

2001

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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Development of antenatal care from the beginning of the 20th century and its relation to perinatal mortality in developed countries is presented. The role of socioeconomic factors, new diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, extended indications for cesarean section and of neonatal intensive care is also stressed. In the West- and Middle-European countries by the introduction of antenatal care the perinatal mortality (PNM) rate decreased from about 60.0@1000 in the years 1920-1930 to about 40.0@1000 in 1950s. Further decrease to about 25.0@1000 in the 1970s was conditioned by an increase of number of antenatal visits and by extended indications for cesarean section. New technologies (amnioscopy, pH.metry, cardiotocography and ultrasound examinations) decreased the PNM rate to about 13.0@1000 in the year 1980. Regional organization with neonatal intensive care units decreased PNM rate to low values of 5.0-9.0@1000. The echo of the number of antenatal visits to PNM rate is illustrated on 36,855 deliveries at the University Clinic in Zagreb. In developing countries maternal and perinatal mortality is very high. The reason for that is a bad socioeconomic background and a lack of organized antenatal and perinatal health care system. The policy to decrease maternal and perinatal mortality is presented: the improvement of antenatal booking and of the number of prenatal visits of pregnant women; their childbearing under professional assistance. The organizing of maternity health care should be different from country to country, from region to region, respectively.

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