Maternal and neonatal colonization in Bangladesh: prevalences, etiologies and risk factors

Chan, Grace J; Modak, Joyanta K.; Mahmud, Arif; Baqui, Abdullah H; Black, Robert E.; Saha, Samir K.

doi:10.1038/jp.2013.99

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We found that the prevalences of individual potentially pathogenic bacteria were similar to those reported in other studies-E. coli was the predominant potential pathogen with a proportion similar to a study in Iran [23]. The proportion of K. pneumoniae isolates we found is similar to that reported in Nigeria [24] and Bangladesh [22]. Another study reported a prevalence of S. aureus vaginal colonisation in pregnant women similar to ours [25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Sixty-five percent (65%) of the study participants were colonised by at least one potential bacterial pathogen. The prevalence of women colonised with potential pathogens in our study was higher than that reported in a similar study in Bangladesh [22]. This differences in colonisation prevalence may be due to several reasons, including differences in ethnic and geographical settings, that our study women were colonised with a wider range of pathogen species and the small sample size in the Bangladesh study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

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Vaginal colonisation of women in labour with potentially pathogenic bacteria: a cross sectional study at three primary health care facilities in Central Uganda

et al. 2020

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Background: Potentially pathogenic bacteria that colonise the lower genital tract of women in labour can be passed to the baby during birth. While many babies become colonised with these bacteria after delivery, a few develop neonatal infections. The lower genital tract is a reservoir for potential pathogens and a source of infection for neonates. We determined the prevalence of vaginal colonisation of potentially pathogenic bacteria among women in labour in Central Uganda and identified potential risk factors associated with this colonisation. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study at three primary health care facilities and collected vaginal swabs from HIV-1 negative women in labour. Specimens were cultured on different selective microbiological media, and biochemical tests were used to classify bacterial isolates on the species level. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association between relevant exposures and colonisation with potentially pathogenic bacteria. Results: We recruited 1472 women in labour whose mean age was 24.6 years (standard deviation [SD] 4.9). Of these, 955 (64.9%; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 62.4, 67%) were vaginally colonised with at least one potentially pathogenic bacterial species. The most commonly isolated species were Escherichia coli (n = 508; 34.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 144; 9.8%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 121; 8.2%). Results from exploratory multivariable regression analyses indicated that having had ≥5 previous pregnancies (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.59; 95% CI 0.35, 0.97) or being ≥30 years old (aOR 1.52; 95% CI 1.03, 2.23) could be associated with vaginal colonisation with any potentially pathogenic bacteria, as well as with vaginal colonisation with S. aureus (aOR 0.33; 95% CI 0.12, 0.88, and aOR 2.17; 95% CI 1.17, 4.00, respectively). Possession of domestic animals in a household (aOR 0.57; 95% CI 0.35, 0.92) could be associated with vaginal colonisation with E. coli. Conclusions: Two-thirds of HIV-1 negative women in labour were vaginally colonised by potentially pathogenic bacteria, mainly E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Vaginal colonisation of women in labour with potentially pathogenic bacteria: a cross sectional study at three primary health care facilities in Central Uganda

et al. 2020

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“…The study showed that 15% of pregnant women in the Mirzapur subdistrict of Bangladesh carried GBS, which was notably higher than reports of maternal colonization rates of 8% in China (13) and 7.7% from our previous study in urban Bangladesh (14). A recent meta-analysis also reported a lower prevalence of rectovaginal GBS colonization in Southeast Asia (11.1%), although the prevalence varied widely in India (2% to 16%) (15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Group B Streptococcus among Pregnant Women and Newborns in Mirzapur, Bangladesh: Colonization, Vertical Transmission, and Serotype Distribution

et al. 2017

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Group B streptococcus (GBS) infection is a leading cause of death among newborns in developed countries. Data on the burden of GBS in Asian countries are lacking. This study aimed to understand (i) the rate of maternal rectovaginal GBS carriage, (ii) the rate of vertical transmission of GBS, as determined by culturing ear, umbilicus, and nasal swabs, and (iii) the distribution of GBS serotypes. This prospective observational study was conducted between September 2012 and November 2013 at Kumudini Women's Medical College Hospital, a secondary-level hospital in Mirzapur, Bangladesh. The study enrolled pregnant women who visited the outpatient clinic for antenatal care (ANC) and/or delivered a child in the inpatient department of Kumudini Women's Medical College Hospital and the babies born to those mothers. 12% [20/172 isolates]). This study shows that Bangladesh has all of the ingredients for invasive GBS disease, including colonization of mothers by invasive serotypes and vertical transmission to babies.

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“…In our analysis, carriage of S. aureus follows a seasonal pattern which peaks during the rainy season unlike S. pneumoniae which peaks in the dry season [ 41 ]. In line with this seasonality of carriage, Chan and colleagues [ 46 , 47 ] reported increased maternal S. aureus colonization (RR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.95) during the rainy season in Bangladesh and a study in Australia also reported an increase of S. aureus infection during the rainy season [ 48 ]. In our setting, infections with respiratory viruses such as RSV, influenza A, influenza B or adenoviruses are higher during the rainy season when humidity increases [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal carriage during a PCV trial

et al. 2017

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BackgroundWe conducted an ancillary study among individuals who had participated in a cluster-randomized PCV-7 trial in rural Gambia (some clusters were wholly-vaccinated while in others only young children had been vaccinated), to determine the prevalence and risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal carriage.MethodsTwo hundred thirty-two children aged 5–10 years were recruited and followed from 4 to 20 months after vaccination started. We collected 1264 nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS). S. aureus was isolated following conventional microbiological methods. Risk factors for carriage were assessed by logistic regression.ResultsPrevalence of S. aureus carriage was 25.9%. In the univariable analysis, prevalence of S. aureus carriage was higher among children living in villages wholly-vaccinated with PCV-7 [OR = 1.57 95%CI (1.14 to 2.15)] and children with least 1 year of education [OR = 1.44 95%CI (1.07 to 1.92)]. S. aureus carriage was also higher during the rainy season [OR = 1.59 95%CI (1.20 to 2.11)]. Carriage of S. pneumoniae did not have any effect on S. aureus carriage for any pneumococcal, vaccine-type (VT) or non-vaccine-type (NVT) carriage. Multivariate analysis showed that the higher prevalence of S. aureus observed among children living in villages wholly-vaccinated with PCV-7 occurred only during the rainy season OR 2.72 95%CI (1.61–4.60) and not in the dry season OR 1.28 95%CI (0.78–2.09).ConclusionsPrevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage of S. aureus among Gambian children increased during the rainy season among those children living in PCV-7 wholly vaccinated communities. However, carriage of S. aureus is not associated with carriage of S. pneumoniae.Trial registration ISRCTN51695599. Registered August 04th 2006.

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Maternal and neonatal colonization in Bangladesh: prevalences, etiologies and risk factors

Abstract: Newborns of mothers colonized with GBS are at higher risk of developing umbilical colonization.

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Vaginal colonisation of women in labour with potentially pathogenic bacteria: a cross sectional study at three primary health care facilities in Central Uganda

Vaginal colonisation of women in labour with potentially pathogenic bacteria: a cross sectional study at three primary health care facilities in Central Uganda

Group B Streptococcus among Pregnant Women and Newborns in Mirzapur, Bangladesh: Colonization, Vertical Transmission, and Serotype Distribution

Prevalence and risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal carriage during a PCV trial

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