Maternal and Perinatal Outcome of Adolescent Pregnancy

Abstract

Background: Teenage pregnancy is a worldwide problem bearing serious social and medical implications relating to maternal and child health. Adolescent pregnancy, a social problem distributed worldwide, has serious implications on maternal and child health, especially in the context of developing countries. In Bangladesh, teenage pregnancy is an important public-health problem. Objective: To determine the maternal and perinatal outcome of Adolescent pregnancy admitted in Institute of Child and Mother Health (ICMH). Methods: The Cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Department of obstetrics and gynecology; Institute of child & mother health (ICMH) Matuail, Dhaka, a tertiary level hospital of Bangladesh from 1 st January 2014 -30 th June 2014. 120 patients presented with adolescent pregnancy (Primi or multigravida without medical complications) diagnosed on clinical, biochemical, investigational background were enrolled in the study, fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methods: Adolescent pregnancy cases were enrolled in the study after getting informed written consent from themselves or attendant. Results: Results revealed that the maximum number of teenage patients 54(45%) were 18 years of age group, next 37 (31%) were between the age group of 19 years. The present study showed that 43(36%) teenage mothers came from rural, 68(57%) from urban slum and 9(7%) from urban non slum areas. Most of the teenage mothers were housewives 97 (80.33%), then worker 11(9.16%). The increase risk of adverse pregnancy outcome associated with low maternal age has been attributed to poor socioeconomic conditions among teenagers. Low levels of literacy adversely affect reproductive and sexual health awareness and, thus, quality of life. The current study showed that Illiterate had 38(31.66%) and can sign only 13(10.83%). This study showed that only 8(6.66%) teenage mothers use contraceptive regularly and 74(61.66%) never use contraceptives and study showed that planned pregnancy is only 20%, majority of teenage pregnancy had come without their desire. Main causes of which are ignorance about contraceptives. Study demonstrated that only 11(9.16%) of teenage mothers have regular antenatal checkup, and 65(54.16%) irregularly, 44(37%) had got no ANC. The current study showed that Caesarean section was 38(31.66%) and normal vaginal delivery 82(68.33%). Most common overall indication for caesarean section was foetal distress (about 36.84%). Maximum number of babies 68(56.66%) were low birth weight, had birth weight between 2-2.5 kg. Then 34 (28.33%) were less than 2 kg and only 18 (15%) of babies birth weight were >2.5 kg. Study showed 19(15.83%) of the babies developed birth asphyxia, 11(9.16%) had prematurity, 7(5.83%) jaundice. We observed low birth weight is a key predictor for fetal complication and child mortality. It may be due to babies born to adolescent mothers are likely to be premature, and hence, the incidence of low birth weight is higher in them. Conclusion: Bangladesh is a developing country ...