Abstract:Children delivered by elective C-section are not exposed to the birth canal and show altered microbiota development. Impairing microbial colonization during early life alters metabolic and immune programming and is associated with an increased risk of immune and metabolic diseases.
“…Transitional stool was chosen for inoculation as this already shows differences by delivery mode and by VS in infants, and contains microbiota with pioneering colonizers (the first set of microbes to colonize an infant). 20 , 24 Figure 1. Schematic of experimental design.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Heterogeneity is seen in the pregnant human vaginal microbiome composition and between infants who receive VS in the overarching clinical trial. 20 It will be important to investigate whether this heterogeneity in maternal vaginal microbiota leads to differential emergence of infant phenotypes in subsequent larger studies.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Firstly, transitional stool was used for inoculation as this already shows differences by delivery mode and by VS in infants, and contains microbiota with pioneering colonizers. 20 , 24 However, the bacterial load in transitional stool is very low and so this limited the ability to analyze the microbiome at early timepoints after inoculation and therefore future studies involving fecal transplant with transitional stool might consider performing multiple inoculations to achieve higher levels of bacterial transfer. In addition, as transitional stool from day 2 was used, some effects of environmental exposure i.e.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Full details of the human study have been previously described. 20 In brief, on the day of the scheduled C-section, a blinded team member inserted a gauze moistened with sterile saline into the mother’s vagina. The gauze was incubated in the vagina for approximately 1 hour and then removed and placed into a sterile container prior to the mother receiving perioperative antibiotics.…”
Exposing C-section infants to the maternal vaginal microbiome, coined “vaginal seeding”, partially restores microbial colonization. However, whether vaginal seeding decreases metabolic disease risk is unknown. Therefore, we assessed the effect of vaginal seeding of human infants on adiposity in a murine model. Germ-free mice were colonized with transitional stool from human infants who received vaginal seeding or control (placebo) seeding in a double-blind randomized trial. There was a reduction in intraabdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) volume in male mice that received stool from vaginally seeded infants compared to control infants. Higher levels of isoleucine and lower levels of nucleic acid metabolites were observed in controls and correlated with increased IAAT. This suggests that early changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome caused by vaginal seeding have a positive impact on metabolic health.
“…Transitional stool was chosen for inoculation as this already shows differences by delivery mode and by VS in infants, and contains microbiota with pioneering colonizers (the first set of microbes to colonize an infant). 20 , 24 Figure 1. Schematic of experimental design.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Heterogeneity is seen in the pregnant human vaginal microbiome composition and between infants who receive VS in the overarching clinical trial. 20 It will be important to investigate whether this heterogeneity in maternal vaginal microbiota leads to differential emergence of infant phenotypes in subsequent larger studies.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Firstly, transitional stool was used for inoculation as this already shows differences by delivery mode and by VS in infants, and contains microbiota with pioneering colonizers. 20 , 24 However, the bacterial load in transitional stool is very low and so this limited the ability to analyze the microbiome at early timepoints after inoculation and therefore future studies involving fecal transplant with transitional stool might consider performing multiple inoculations to achieve higher levels of bacterial transfer. In addition, as transitional stool from day 2 was used, some effects of environmental exposure i.e.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Full details of the human study have been previously described. 20 In brief, on the day of the scheduled C-section, a blinded team member inserted a gauze moistened with sterile saline into the mother’s vagina. The gauze was incubated in the vagina for approximately 1 hour and then removed and placed into a sterile container prior to the mother receiving perioperative antibiotics.…”
Exposing C-section infants to the maternal vaginal microbiome, coined “vaginal seeding”, partially restores microbial colonization. However, whether vaginal seeding decreases metabolic disease risk is unknown. Therefore, we assessed the effect of vaginal seeding of human infants on adiposity in a murine model. Germ-free mice were colonized with transitional stool from human infants who received vaginal seeding or control (placebo) seeding in a double-blind randomized trial. There was a reduction in intraabdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) volume in male mice that received stool from vaginally seeded infants compared to control infants. Higher levels of isoleucine and lower levels of nucleic acid metabolites were observed in controls and correlated with increased IAAT. This suggests that early changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome caused by vaginal seeding have a positive impact on metabolic health.
“…4 Additionally, variations in skin microbiome between infants delivered at different hospitals have been theorized to be due to variances in the microbes of the hospital environment. 2 Building on this, we hypothesized that the overall low skin microbial load in CS infants 5 would provide less resistance to acquisition and colonization by environmental bacteria when compared to VD infants.…”
Section: E T T E R T O T H E J O U R N a Lmentioning
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