Maternal barbiturate utilization and neonatal withdrawal symptomatology

Desmond, Murdina M.; Schwanecke, Rebecca P.; Wilson, Geraldine S.; Yasunaga, Shig; Burgdorff, Imogene

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(72)80577-8

Cited by 149 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Among neonates exposed to opioids in utero, withdrawal signs will develop in 55% to 94%. [6][7][8][9] Neonatal withdrawal signs have also been described in infants exposed antenatally to benzodiazepines, 10,11 barbiturates, 12,13 and alcohol.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Drug Withdrawal

Hudak¹,

Tan²,

Frattarelli³

et al. 2012

Pediatrics

758

608

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Maternal use of certain drugs during pregnancy can result in transient neonatal signs consistent with withdrawal or acute toxicity or cause sustained signs consistent with a lasting drug effect. In addition, hospitalized infants who are treated with opioids or benzodiazepines to provide analgesia or sedation may be at risk for manifesting signs of withdrawal. This statement updates information about the clinical presentation of infants exposed to intrauterine drugs and the therapeutic options for treatment of withdrawal and is expanded to include evidence-based approaches to the management of the hospitalized infant who requires weaning from analgesics or sedatives.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Drug Withdrawal

Hudak¹,

Tan²,

Frattarelli³

et al. 2012

Pediatrics

758

608

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“…These changes included devia tion from normal in learning-related behaviors in mice and rats [Armitage, 1952;Murai, 1966;Middaugh et al, 1975], and an increased functional (CNS) tolerance to barbiturates and ethanol in mice [ Yanai and Tabakoff, in press; Yanai, in press]. In humans, prenatal exposure to barbiturates resulted in behavioral signs which mostly reflected withdrawal [Desmond et al, 1972], Neuromorphologically, there is evi dence of gross changes, principally, brain weight reduction which occurred in rats fol lowing neonatal exposure to phénobarbital [Schain and Watanabe, 1975;Schain, 1977, 1978].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal deficits in mice following phenobarbital exposure during various periods in fetal development

Bergman

Roselli-Austin

Yedwab

et al. 1980

Cells Tissues Organs

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Four groups of pregnant mice were fed milled food containing 3 g/kg phenobarbital, acid, form, and water as their only nutritional source during various periods during pregnancy (days 9–18, 9–13, 13–16 or 16–18). Control females received milled food and water. The brains of control and phenobarbital-treated male offspring were removed at age 50 days, fixed, cut and stained with HE. Matching sagittal sections were selected for the study of the cerebellar Purkinje cells and the hippocampal pyramidal cells. Previous findings were confirmed in that prenatal phenobarbital exposure during the last two trimesters of pregnancy (days 9–18) resulted in a long-lasting deficit in the number of the Purkinje (23 %) and pyramidal cells 9% (P < 0.01). Phenobarbital administration during only part of this period (days 9–13, 13–16 or 16–18) had the same effect as administration during the entire period. The cell deficit did not correlate with the time of appearance of the neurons, thus, suggesting that phenobarbital may possibly act even on neurons which are already formed.

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“…Even though methadone cannot be directly linked to these deaths, further study of this possibility in others is necessary. In a more elegant investigation (Desmond et al, 1972), comparison was made between two groups of infants showing withdrawal symptoms. 15 had been born to mothers on barbiturates and 13 to heroin addicts.…”

Section: Withdrawal Symptoms Opiatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two groups of investigators (Klain et al, 1973;Glass et al, 1972) found that infants with acute opiate withdrawal showed increased respiratory rate that was associated with hypocapnia and alka losis, which may account for some of the symptoms. Desmond et al (1972) reported neonatal withdrawal symptoms in 15 infants born to mothers receiving barbiturates. Of these, four were bom to mothers receiving prescribed phénobarbital for the relief of anxiety or for seda tion, seven were bom to epileptic mothers who were treated with phénobarbital alone or in combination with other anticonvulsants, and four were bom to barbiturate addicts.…”

Section: Withdrawal Symptoms Opiatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Side Effects on Fetus and Infant of Psychotropic Drug Use during Pregnancy

Ananth¹

1976

Int Pharmacopsychiatry

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Psychotropic drugs are used frequently for the treatment of emotional as well as other disorders. With usage so widespread, many pregnant women receive psychotropic drugs. Maternal ingestion of these drugs may produce, in the fetus, side effects including withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal signs in the fetus as a result of maternal intake of opiates, hypnotics, analgesics, and tricyclic antidepressant drugs have been reported. Fetal side effects can occur by maternal ingestion of nuroleptic medications, lithium, antidepressants, anxiolytic sedatives, anticonvulsants, and bromides. The author feels that even though these drugs are generally safe, they must only be administered to pregnant women when absolutely needed, and then under vigilance.

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Maternal barbiturate utilization and neonatal withdrawal symptomatology

Cited by 149 publications

References 18 publications

Neonatal Drug Withdrawal

Neonatal Drug Withdrawal

Neuronal deficits in mice following phenobarbital exposure during various periods in fetal development

Side Effects on Fetus and Infant of Psychotropic Drug Use during Pregnancy

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