Maternal body mass index, parity and smoking are associated with human milk macronutrient content after preterm delivery

Burianová, Iva; Bronský, Jiří; Pavlı́ková, Markéta; Janota, Jan; Malý, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104832

Cited by 32 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Early reports suggested that fat content in human milk is closely linked to prepregnancy BMI. Overweight and obese women in Eastern Europe and China had higher concentrations of fat and energy per volume of expressed human milk when compared with women considered to have a normal prepregnancy BMI 16,17 . These studies are supported by a Danish cohort that demonstrated much higher fat ( P = .02) and energy ( P = .01) content in expressed human milk from women with a prepregnancy BMI > 25 kg/m² when compared with women who had a prepregnancy BMI < 25 kg/m² 18 …”

Section: Macronutrientsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These significant variations could influence the actual protein intake vs perceived protein intake of preterm infants and contribute to poor growth. Using these reported numbers, human milk fortified with currently available human‐milk fortifiers may fall below recommended protein intake by up to 25% and, in some cases, may exceed the recommended intake of protein by 69% 5‐7,15,16 …”

Section: Macronutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Preterm Human‐Milk Nutrient Composition

et al. 2020

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Background The human milk–fed preterm infant is at risk for growth failure, micronutrient deficiencies, and neurocognitive delay. Although protective and better tolerated than formula, human milk alone cannot meet the high nutrient requirements of this population, and fortification is necessary. Clinicians use assumptions of preterm human‐milk composition to determine the type and quantity of fortification. Objectives The objectives of this review were to identify evidence of macronutrient and micronutrient concentration in preterm human milk and to identify knowledge gaps regarding composition. Methods PubMed and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were used to identify original articles published between January 1950 and December 2019. Results Twenty‐seven articles were found containing original data on macronutrients and micronutrients. Most (67%) of the studies published after 2011 measured the macronutrients and included gestational ages from 28 to 36 weeks. Milk collection methods, experimental design, and analytical methods varied between studies. There are 15 countries represented in this review; all of the American studies (n = 7) were published from 1980 to 1984. Conclusions African American women, or women delivering before 28 weeks’ gestation are not represented in the literature. Accurate and targeted human‐milk fortification depends on comprehensive, complete, and representative human‐milk nutrient data. We have aggregated all available preterm human‐milk macronutrient and micronutrient data and reported trends associated with lactation stage and gestational age. This report can aid in the design of feeding plans that are appropriate for the gestational age of the preterm infant and the lactation stage of the breastmilk.

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Section: Macronutrientsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Macronutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Preterm Human‐Milk Nutrient Composition

et al. 2020

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“…The reasons why mothers’ smoking habits may adversely affect breastfeeding status have been investigated in a number of studies. Many findings have suggested that smoking reduces the amount of fat in breast milk [ 14 , 33 , 34 ], which in turn disrupts the taste of the breast milk and causes reluctance of the baby to feed [ 34 ]. It has also been reported that smoking decreases prolactin (PRL), a hormone that plays an important role in milk production by activating the lipoprotein lipase [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, maternal smoking during breastfeeding has been characterized by decreased antioxidant properties of breast milk and an altered immune status [ 13 ]. Moreover, breast milk content in those who smoke differs in terms of total fat concentration [ 13 , 14 ], vitamin A, E, and C levels [ 15 ] and milk metabolic properties [ 13 ]. Infants whose mothers smoked during the lactation period were shown to have a shorter sleeping time [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is maternal cigarette or water pipe use associated with stopping breastfeeding? Evidence from the Jordan population and family health surveys 2012 and 2017–18

Ozalp

Yalçin

2021

Int Breastfeed J

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Background Maternal smoking is suspected to have negative impacts on breastfeeding, such as decreasing the quantity of breast milk, and reducing vitamin and fat concentrations in the milk in the late lactation period. Cigarette and water pipe tobacco products are widely used in Jordan. We aimed to estimate the association between use of different tobacco products and the rates of current breastfeeding. Methods Data from Jordan’s Population and Family Health Surveys 2012 and 2017–18 were examined. Last-born, living children, aged < 25 months, from singleton births, ever breastfed, and living with their mother were included. The key outcome variables were the current breastfeeding (during last 24 h) and tobacco usage status [water pipe tobacco (hookah or narghile) and/or cigarette tobacco]. Complex sample multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of the current breastfeeding with maternal smoking status. Results Overall, 6726 infants were included in the study. The current breastfeeding rate in infants aged 0–6 months was 87%, compared with 43.9% in infants aged 12–17 months and 19.4% in infants aged 18–24 months. Overall, 4.4% had mothers who smoked cigarettes, 5.4% smoked water pipe, and 1.6% both cigarettes and water pipe. The proportion of breastfed infants in non-smoking mothers was 57.7% and, those in smoke water pipe, cigarette and both tobacco products were 55.4, 44.9, and 51.0% respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that women cigarette smokers had a lower odds ratio (OR) for current breastfeeding (OR 0.60, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.39, 0.92). Multivariate analysis revealed that maternal cigarette smoking was associated with a lower odds ratio for current breastfeeding compared with mothers who smoked neither water pipe nor cigarettes (AOR 0.51, 95% Cl 0.30, 0.87). Conclusions These results indicate that maternal smoking is associated with termination of breastfeeding, suggesting that structured training should be organized for healthcare professionals, expectant mothers and the general public about the association between maternal smoking and cessation of lactation.

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“…Interestingly, the concentration of n−3 PUFAs in HM would be related to the mothers' habitual but not current intake (Bzikowska-Jura et al, 2019), suggesting that current post-partum n−3 PUFA intake does not translate directly into their concentration in HM but is rather influenced by the maternal body stocks of FA. Pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with increased fat and energy content in HM 6 weeks after preterm delivery, which may be due to higher blood triglycerides in the obese or to oxidative stress and inflammation caused by obesity, with consequences for HM metabolomic profile (Burianova et al, 2019). A negative correlation between mother's weight and cholesterol concentration in HM has been described (Kamelska et al, 2012).…”

Section: Impact Of Maternal Nutrition On Human Milk Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights Into Microbiota Modulation-Based Nutritional Interventions for Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants

et al. 2021

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Gut microbiota and the central nervous system have parallel developmental windows during pre and post-natal life. Increasing evidences suggest that intestinal dysbiosis in preterm infants predisposes the neonate to adverse neurological outcomes later in life. Understanding the link between gut microbiota colonization and brain development to tailor therapies aimed at optimizing initial colonization and microbiota development are promising strategies to warrant adequate brain development and enhance neurological outcomes in preterm infants. Breast-feeding has been associated with both adequate cognitive development and healthy microbiota in preterms. Infant formula are industrially produced substitutes for infant nutrition that do not completely recapitulate breast-feeding benefices and could be largely improved by the understanding of the role of breast milk components upon gut microbiota. In this review, we will first discuss the nutritional and bioactive component information on breast milk composition and its contribution to the assembly of the neonatal gut microbiota in preterms. We will then discuss the emerging pathways connecting the gut microbiota and brain development. Finally, we will discuss the promising microbiota modulation-based nutritional interventions (including probiotic and prebiotic supplementation of infant formula and maternal nutrition) for improving neurodevelopmental outcomes.

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Maternal body mass index, parity and smoking are associated with human milk macronutrient content after preterm delivery

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

Review of Preterm Human‐Milk Nutrient Composition

Review of Preterm Human‐Milk Nutrient Composition

Is maternal cigarette or water pipe use associated with stopping breastfeeding? Evidence from the Jordan population and family health surveys 2012 and 2017–18

New Insights Into Microbiota Modulation-Based Nutritional Interventions for Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants

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