Maternal care in infancy and the course of limbic development

Lee, Annie; Poh, Joann S.; Wen, Daniel J.; Tan, Hui Min; Chong, Yap Seng; Tan, Kok Hian; Gluckman, Peter D.; Fortier, Marielle V.; Rifkin‐Graboi, Anne; Qiu, Anqi

doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100714

Cited by 25 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These findings suggest that prior conflicting findings of smaller, larger, or no differences in amygdala volume following ECA may reflect differences in age sampling or analysis (i.e., controlling for age). For example, the majority of cross-sectional studies reporting larger amygdala included younger participants ( Buss et al, 2012 ; Lupien et al, 2011 ; Roth et al, 2018 ; Tottenham et al, 2010 ) and a recent dense-sampling study between ages 4–6 also showed larger amygdala volume in the context of parental insensitivity ( Lee et al, 2019 ). In contrast, the majority of studies reporting smaller amygdala volume following ECA include participants in late adolescence and young adulthood ( Edmiston, 2011 ; McLaughlin et al, 2016 ; Noble et al, 2012 ; Saxbe et al, 2018 [but see Hanson et al, 2014 ; Luby, 2013 ]) or only detected smaller amygdala volume in adolescence ( Korgaonkar et al, 2013 ; Merz et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal changes in amygdala, hippocampus and cortisol development following early caregiving adversity

VanTieghem

Korom

Flannery

et al. 2021

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

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Although decades of research have shown associations between early caregiving adversity, stress physiology and limbic brain volume (e.g., amygdala, hippocampus), the developmental trajectories of these phenotypes are not well characterized. In the current study, we used an accelerated longitudinal design to assess the development of stress physiology, amygdala, and hippocampal volume following early institutional care. Previously Institutionalized (PI; N = 93) and comparison (COMP; N = 161) youth (ages 4–20 years old) completed 1–3 waves of data collection, each spaced approximately 2 years apart, for diurnal cortisol (N = 239) and structural MRI (N = 156). We observed a developmental shift in morning cortisol in the PI group, with blunted levels in childhood and heightened levels in late adolescence. PI history was associated with reduced hippocampal volume and reduced growth rate of the amygdala, resulting in smaller volumes by adolescence. Amygdala and hippocampal volumes were also prospectively associated with future morning cortisol in both groups. These results indicate that adversity-related physiological and neural phenotypes are not stationary during development but instead exhibit dynamic and interdependent changes from early childhood to early adulthood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal changes in amygdala, hippocampus and cortisol development following early caregiving adversity

VanTieghem

Korom

Flannery

et al. 2021

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…Two of these studies (Hidalgo et al, 2019;Lyons-Ruth et al, 2016) accounted for the effects of maltreatment. It is worth noting that some findings revealed volumetric differences in the amygdala, but not the hippocampus (Lupien et al, 2011;Lyons-Ruth et al, 2016;Moutsiana et al, 2015), which may be related to the timing of stress exposure and/ or neuroimaging assessments (Lee et al, 2019). Likewise, some studies have found genderdependent effects, albeit without a clear trend (e.g.…”

Section: Infant Limbic Region Development and Dissociationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Specifically, studies have shown that infants exposed to non-extreme stressors within their caregiving environments (e.g. maternal insensitivity, disturbed affective communication, depression) show increased hippocampal and/or amygdala volumetric growth concurrently during infancy (Rifkin-Graboi et al, 2015 ), and prospectively across childhood (Bernier et al, 2019 ; Lee et al, 2019 ; Lupien et al, 2011 ; Wen et al, 2017 ) and adulthood (Khoury, Pechtel, Andersen, Teicher, & Lyons-Ruth, 2019 ; Lyons-Ruth, Pechtel, Yoon, Anderson, & Teicher, 2016 ). Prospective studies have also found similar associations between insecure (Moutsiana et al, 2015 ) and disorganized (Hidalgo et al, 2019 ; Lyons-Ruth et al, 2016 ) attachment in the first 18 months and enlarged limbic structures years later (however, see conflicting data from Leblanc, Dégeilh, Daneault, Beauchamp, & Bernier, 2017 ).…”

Section: Infant Limbic Region Development and Dissociationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental and attachment-based perspectives on dissociation: beyond the effects of maltreatment

Guérin-Marion

Sezlik

Bureau

2020

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Numerous years of theory and research have informed our understanding of the caregiving experiences that confer vulnerability for dissociation. This work has resulted in widespread agreement on the role of childhood maltreatment as an aetiological factor. Objective: With clear integration of this perspective, the current paper draws attention to the spectrum of vulnerability that can exist over and above the trauma of maltreatment within early caregiving experiences. Method: An integrative review of the developmental literature on dissociation is presented. Results: We first review and integrate existing developmental theories of dissociation into a more unified perspective, highlighting a combination of defensive and intersubjective pathways towards dissociative outcomes. Next, we present empirical research demonstrating which specific caregiving experiences are associated with dissociation. Lastly, we review recent neurodevelopmental research demonstrating that (non-extreme) caregiving stressors during infancy impact the developing limbic structures in the brain. We conclude by offering directions for future research. Conclusion: Findings make the case for approaching assessments of the caregiver-child relationship with discernment of factors beyond the presence/absence of maltreatment when conceptualizing risk pathways toward dissociation. Perspectivas basadas en apego y desarrollo sobre la disociación: más allá de los efectos del maltrato Antecedentes: Varios años de teoría, investigación y avances clínicos sustentan nuestra comprensión de experiencias particulares en el cuidado temprano que confieren vulnerabilidad para la disociación. Este trabajo ha dado lugar a un acuerdo generalizado sobre el papel del maltrato infantil como un factor etiológico. Objetivo: Con una clara integración de esta perspectiva, el presente artículo enfatiza el espectro de vulnerabilidad que puede existir más allá del trauma que constituye el maltrato dentro de las experiencias de cuidado tempranas. Método: Se presenta una revisión integradora de la literatura del desarrollo sobre la disociación. Resultados: Primero, revisamos e integramos las teorías del desarrollo existentes sobre la disociación en una perspectiva más unificada, resaltando una combinación de vías defensivas e intersubjetivas que resultan en disociación. Luego, presentamos una investigación empírica que demuestra qué experiencias específicas en el cuidado temprano están asociadas con la disociación. Finalmente, revisamos una investigación reciente en neurodesarrollo que demuestra que los estresores (no extremos) durante el cuidado en lainfancia impactan el desarrollo de las estructuras límbicas del cerebro. Conclusión: Los hallazgos justifican abordar las evaluaciones de la relación cuidador-niño con el discernimiento de factores más allá de la presencia/ausencia de maltrato al conceptualizar las vías de riesgo de disociación.

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“…Our study presents a few limitations. Firstly, the sample size is limited due to the time-consuming manual segmentation process but likely sufficient for building study-specific templates, which is a potential goal for applied studies (Lee et al, 2019). Secondly, all manual segmentations were performed by a single editor which might lead to some systematic biases in delineation of anatomical borders in MR images.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of these automated segmentation tools in future neuroimaging studies still presents challenges, and careful visual inspection of the automated segmentations is still strongly advised, since there are many factors, such as the quality of the used MR-images that might impact the accuracy of the segmentations. Future research efforts should investigate the benefits of using custom subcortical atlases to improve the accuracy and reliability of automated segmentation methods especially for the amygdala and hippocampus (Lee et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcortical brain segmentation in 5-year-old children: validation of FSL-FIRST and FreeSurfer against manual segmentation

Lidauer

Pulli

Copeland

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Developing accurate subcortical volumetric quantification tools is a crucial issue for neurodevelopmental studies, as they could reduce the need for challenging and time-consuming manual segmentation. In this study the accuracy of two automated segmentation tools, FSL-FIRST (with three different boundary correction settings) and FreeSurfer were compared against manual segmentation of subcortical nuclei, including the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, putamen, globus pallidus, caudate and nucleus accumbens, using volumetric and correlation analyses in 80 5-year-olds. Both FSL-FIRST and FreeSurfer overestimated the volume on all structures except the caudate, and the accuracy depended on the structure. Small structures such as the amygdala and nucleus accumbens, which are visually difficult to distinguish, produced considerable overestimations and weaker correlations with all automated methods. Larger and more readily distinguishable structures such as the caudate and putamen produced notably lower overestimations and stronger correlations. Overall, the segmentations performed by FSL-FIRST's Default pipeline were the most accurate, while FreeSurfer's results were weaker across the structures. In line with prior studies, the accuracy of automated segmentation tools was imperfect with respect to manually defined structures. However, apart from amygdala and nucleus accumbens, FSL-FIRST's agreement could be considered satisfactory (Pearson correlation > 0.74, Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.68 and Dice Score coefficient (DSC) > 0.87) with highest values for the striatal structures (putamen, globus pallidus and caudate) (Pearson correlation > 0.77, ICC > 0.87 and DSC > 0.88, respectively). Overall, automated segmentation tools do not always provide satisfactory results, and careful visual inspection of the automated segmentations is strongly advised.

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Maternal care in infancy and the course of limbic development

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

Longitudinal changes in amygdala, hippocampus and cortisol development following early caregiving adversity

Longitudinal changes in amygdala, hippocampus and cortisol development following early caregiving adversity

Developmental and attachment-based perspectives on dissociation: beyond the effects of maltreatment

Subcortical brain segmentation in 5-year-old children: validation of FSL-FIRST and FreeSurfer against manual segmentation

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