Maternal COVID-19 leaves a lasting immunological impression on the fetus

Coler, Brahm; Waldorf, Kristina M. Adams

doi:10.1038/s41590-021-01072-3

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 activates the maternal immune system and leads to fetal inflammation and activation of the fetal immune system. Indeed, exposure of the fetus to an inflammatory environment (not necessarily through direct infection of the fetus) appears to have the potential to adversely affect fetal growth and the immune system [ 75 ].…”

Section: The Effect Of Maternal Covid-19 Infection On the Fetal Immun...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal COVID-19 infection and the fetus: Immunological and neurological perspectives

Falahi

Abdoli

Kenarkoohi

2023

New Microbes and New Infections

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Section: The Effect Of Maternal Covid-19 Infection On the Fetal Immun...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal COVID-19 infection and the fetus: Immunological and neurological perspectives

Falahi

Abdoli

Kenarkoohi

2023

New Microbes and New Infections

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“…Perinatal outcomes in COVID-19–positive pregnancies are of significant concern. This is because activation of the maternal immune system by SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to dysregulate the fetal immune system 76,77 . A body of evidence suggests that the risks of miscarriage, congenital anomalies, neonatal mortality, and length of hospital stay do not increase above baseline 78–89 .…”

Section: Perinatal Mortality and Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because activation of the maternal immune system by SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to dysregulate the fetal immune system. 76,77 A body of evidence suggests that the risks of miscarriage, congenital anomalies, neonatal mortality, and length of hospital stay do not increase above baseline. [78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89] However, the risks of preterm birth and stillbirth were reported to be higher in some large cohort studies.…”

Section: Perinatal Mortality and Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 and Variants in Pregnancy

et al. 2023

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Pregnancy is a physiological state that predisposes women to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, a disease that can cause adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease is known to vary by viral strain; however, evidence for the effects of this virus in pregnant women has yet to be fully elucidated. In this review, we describe maternal and perinatal outcomes, vaccination, and vertical transmission, among pregnant women infected with the different SARS-CoV-2 variants identified to date. We also summarize existing evidence for maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with specific information relating to SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our analysis showed that Omicron infection was associated with fewer severe maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes while the Delta variant was associated with worse pregnancy outcomes. Maternal deaths arising from COVID-19 were found to be rare (<1.0%), irrespective of whether the virus was a wild-type strain or a variant. Severe maternal morbidity was more frequent for the Delta variant (10.3%), followed by the Alpha (4.7%), wild-type (4.5%), and Omicron (2.9%) variants. The rates of stillbirth were 0.8%, 4.1%, 3.1%, and 2.3%, respectively, in pregnancies infected with the wild-type strain, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants, respectively. Preterm birth and admission to neonatal intensive care units were more common for cases with the Delta infection (19.0% and 18.62%, respectively), while risks were similar for those infected with the wild-type (14.7% and 11.2%, respectively), Alpha (14.9% and 13.1%), and Omicron variants (13.2% and 13.8%, respectively). As COVID-19 remains a global pandemic, and new SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, research relating to the specific impact of new variants on pregnant women needs to be expanded.

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“…It has been reported that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection causes excessive production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and results in uncontrollable inflammation; the elevated immunological level in the mother has an impact on the fetal internal environment, 8 which may in turn affect fetal development in utero . Indeed, the newborn in the present study showed COVID‐19‐compatible laboratory profiles at day 1 of life, for example, elevated serum D‐dimer, decreased lymphocytes and serum AT‐III.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%