Maternal Demographic and Placental Risk Factors in Term Low Birth Weight in Ghana

Aleksenko, Larysa; Tettey, Yao; Richard, Gyasi; Samuel, Obed; John, Farnell Damian Joseph; Kweku, Quaye Isaac

doi:10.4172/2376-127x.1000325

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…3,4 However, extensive infarction and calcification was noted in the study conducted by Chandra p et al 24 All the gross placental measurements were significantly lower in LBW compared to controls in an univariate analysis. However, only the placental weight, and the largest and smallest distances from the point of insertion of the umbilical cord were highly associated with LBW in a stepwise logistic regression analysis done by Larysa et al 25 Microscopically, Intervillous fibrin was seen in 64% of placenta in our study. However in Bane et al study all the placenta showed intervillous fibrin.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 60%

Placental pathology in low birth weight babies a prospective observational study

Jadhav¹,

Srinivasamurthy²,

Bhat³

et al. 2020

IJPO

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Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) babies are more common in developing countries like India. The placenta is an organ which connects fetus to mother during intrauterine life. Any change in the mother reflects on placenta and thus on the fetus. Materials and Methods: In this study placenta from LBW were evaluated. We included 50 fresh placentae. Gross examination including weight, shape, thickness, feto-placental ratio was calculated. Later, histo-morphological study of all placentae was done. The extent of placental lesions which can influence the birth weight of the baby or adverse fetal outcome were correlated. Results: Out of 50 placentae studied, there was significant reduction in placental weight and dimension. Irregular shape of placenta was seen in 13 cases and most of the plscenta (27 cases) showed paracentral insertion of umbilical cord. On gross, infarction [56%], subchorionic fibrin [64%], intervillous fibrin [52%] were noted. On microscopy, cytotophoblast hyperplasia [52%], stomal fibrosis [48%], fibrinoid necrosis [100%], synnctial knots [32-68%], hypovascular villi [44%] were noted. Conclusion: All major gross and microscopic changes in the low birth weight placentas pointed towards reduced blood flow to the placenta resulting in chronic placental insufficiency. The severity of placental abnormalities expressed as cumulative number of placental lesions is a significant risk factor for LBW babies. Morphological examination of the placenta conducted in the present study proved to be a useful adjunct to the clinical examination in finding the pathogenetic mechanisms during pregnancy resulting in LBW babies and can be helpful in the planning and management of future pregnancies.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 60%

Placental pathology in low birth weight babies a prospective observational study

Jadhav¹,

Srinivasamurthy²,

Bhat³

et al. 2020

IJPO

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“…The results for MUAC in our study are statistically non-significant. [9,10] Tobacco chewing, bidi smoking, and alcohol abuse is a practice that generally leads to risk to the fetus. Based on the maternal habits of these substance abusers the subjects were divided into consumers and non-consumers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Low-Birth-Weight Neonates in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital: A Case-Control Study

Hadia¹,

Gandhi²,

Dave³

et al. 2021

JPRI

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Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is still a significant public health problem globally and is associated with a range of both short- and long-term consequences. Overall, it is estimated that 15% to 20% of all births worldwide are low birth weight, representing more than 20 million births a year. Objective: We aimed the study to assess the risk factors associated with low-birth-weight neonates in a rural tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A prospective observational Case-Control Study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dhiraj Hospital, Vadodara with the sample of 240 women who were admitted for the delivery. The patient interview was done based on the questionnaires (Proforma). Results: Area of residence, Parent's education, Anaemia among pregnant women, Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) less than 23 cm, Maternal age, and antenatal visits <4 were found as significant risk factors associated with low birth weight in the study. Study findings suggest that 91.3% of cases were from rural areas compared to 71% of controls from the same area. Similarly, Anaemia though prevalent in both case and control groups was seen as a significant predictor more in the case group. Other factors such as parity, spacing between babies, and consumption of drugs and alcohol by pregnant others were also recorded but were protective of LBW. Conclusions: The study concluded that delay age of first pregnancy, lacking iron/folic acid supplementation, not taking nutritional food during pregnancy, anemia and other factors were independently associated with LBW.

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“…Maternal employment status is associated with LBW and stillbirth [15,20,21,[27][28][29][30]. Maternal unemployment [28,29] and labour work [30] increased the risk of LBW and stillbirths, whereas maternal employment was protective [15,21,27]. In some studies, occupation of the women could not be clearly defined as there could be combinations of occupations, for instance a housewife being unemployed, an entrepreneur or a peasant [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the studies that showed no association between education level and placental disorders suggested that the mother may be educated but the health attendants may not have enough knowledge to detect complications resulting from placental disorders. Maternal employment status is associated with LBW and stillbirth [15,20,21,[27][28][29][30]. Maternal unemployment [28,29] and labour work [30] increased the risk of LBW and stillbirths, whereas maternal employment was protective [15,21,27].…”

Section: Social and Demographic Factors (Table 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between the Physical and Social Environments with Adverse Pregnancy Events Related to Placental Disorders—A Scoping Review

Dube

Nyapwere

Magee

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: Due to different social and physical environments across Africa, understanding how these environments differ in interacting with placental disorders will play an important role in developing effective interventions. Methods: A scoping review was conducted, to identify current knowledge on interactions between the physical and social environment and the incidence of placental disease in Africa. Results: Heavy metals were said to be harmful when environmental concentrations are beyond critical limits. Education level, maternal age, attendance of antenatal care and parity were the most investigated social determinants. Conclusions: More evidence is needed to determine the relationships between the environment and placental function in Africa. The results show that understanding the nature of the relationship between social determinants of health (SDH) and placental health outcomes plays a pivotal role in understanding the risk in the heterogenous communities in Africa.

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Maternal Demographic and Placental Risk Factors in Term Low Birth Weight in Ghana

Abstract: Background: Several studies report on factors that associate preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction with low birth weight (LBW). However, few studies discuss risk factors that associate with LBW for full-term births. No such studies exist that involve a population from Ghana.

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Placental pathology in low birth weight babies a prospective observational study

Placental pathology in low birth weight babies a prospective observational study

Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Low-Birth-Weight Neonates in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital: A Case-Control Study

Interactions between the Physical and Social Environments with Adverse Pregnancy Events Related to Placental Disorders—A Scoping Review

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