Maternal diabetes induces congenital heart defects in mice by altering the expression of genes involved in cardiovascular development

Abstract

Background: Congenital heart defects are frequently observed in infants of diabetic mothers, but the molecular basis of the defects remains obscure. Thus, the present study was performed to gain some insights into the molecular pathogenesis of maternal diabetes-induced congenital heart defects in mice.

Stres oksydacyjny indukowany hiperglikemią w cukrzycy ciążowej (GDM)

“…the presence of swollen mitochondria and disorganized myofilaments with poorly developed adherence junctions, in cardiomyocytes of the ventricular wall as well as with the down-regulation of several genes, i.e. Bmp4, Msx1, and Pax3, involved in development of cardiac neural crest [78]. The role of oxidative stress in the cardiac defects in embryos of diabetic pregnancy has been proposed by Wang et al [79] who have found that SOD1 overexpression in transgenic mice attenuates oxidative stress and …”

Congenital Cardiopathies Screening Associated with Diabetes Mellitus Using Maternal Fructosamine Plasma Concentration

“…Functional findings at echocardiography were significantly more frequent among the poorly-controlled diabetic pregnancies. In other reports, the malformations found in neonates, born of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus gestations, included endocardial cushion defects, persistent truncus arteriosus and ventricular septal defects which appear to result from aberrant cardiac neural crest development (Sekhavat et al, 2010;Abu-Sulaiman & Subaih, 2004;Hornberger, 2006;Kumar et al, 2007;Russell et al, 2008). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was observed in 38% of neonates from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus pregnant women, mainly hypertrophy of the interventricular septum (Abu-Sulaiman & Subaih, 2004).…”

“…Most types of cardiac structural lesions have been associated with diabetes mellitus, ranging from small septal defects to major heart disease (Sekhavat et al, 2010;Abu-Sulaiman & Subaih, 2004). The exact teratogenic mechanism of maternal diabetes is not fully defined and is likely multifactorial (Hornberger, 2006;Kumar et al, 2007). Diabetes mellitus affects the fetal heart both structurally and functionally.…”

“…But, the wide variety of cardiac abnormalities suggests a complex pathogenesis. Experimental study proposed that the down-regulation of genes involved in development of cardiac neural crest could contribute to the pathogenesis of maternal diabetes-induced congenital heart defects (Kumar et al, 2007). …”

Single-nucleotide polymorphism of the pri-miR-34b/c gene is not associated with susceptibility to congenital heart disease in the Han Chinese population

“…Environmental insults during fetal development are known to increase the risk of CHD and include viral infections with rubella (Kohl, 1985), exposure to chemical teratogens such as retinoic acid and lithium (Singh et al, 2000), and maternal diseases that include diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus (Hoffman and Kaplan, 2002;Kumar et al, 2007). The etiological factors of many genetic syndromes and familial CHD have been identified, but the genetic basis of the majority of "sporadic" CHD remains unknown.…”