Maternal diet as a risk factor for primary congenital glaucoma and defects of the anterior segment of the eye in the <scp>National Birth Defects Prevention Study</scp>

Moore, Kristin J.; Carmichael, Suzan L.; Forestieri, Nina; Desrosiers, Tania A.; Meyer, Robert E.; Freedman, Sharon F.; North, Kari E.; Olshan, Andrew F.

doi:10.1002/bdr2.1664

“…Inadequate maternal nutritional intake during pregnancy may lead to negative short- and long-term health consequences for both the mother and her child [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. In the scientific literature, it is widely recognised that environmental factors such as diet during pregnancy can contribute to the development of certain diseases among offspring [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ] as well as the occurrence of metabolic alterations (overweightness or obesity) in pregnant women, especially in early pregnancy, which increase the probability of obesity in their future children [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy in a Culturally Diverse Society

Fernández-Gómez

¹

,

Luque-Vara

²

,

Moya-Fernández

³

et al. 2020

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The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns in pregnant women and to assess the relationships between sociodemographic, lifestyle-related, and pregnancy-related factors. This is a descriptive, correlational study involving 306 pregnant women in Melilla (Spain) in any trimester of pregnancy. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used. Dietary patterns were determined via exploratory factor analysis and ordinal logistic regression using the proportional odds model. Three dietary patterns were identified: Western, mixed, and prudent. Sociodemographic, lifestyle-related, and pregnancy-related factors influencing dietary quality were established. The Western dietary pattern was considered the least recommended despite being the most common among women who live in Melilla (p = 0.03), are Christian (p = 0.01), are primiparous women (p < 0.001), and are in their first or second trimester (p = 0.02). Unemployed pregnant women were also more likely to have a less healthy dietary pattern (β = −0.716; p = 0.040). The prudent dietary pattern, the healthiest of the three, was most commonly observed among Muslim women (p = 0.01), women with more than two children (p < 0.001), and women in the third trimester of pregnancy (p = 0.02). Pregnant women who engaged in no physical activity or a low level of physical activity displayed a mixed pattern (p < 0.001). This study provides evidence on the factors influencing dietary patterns during pregnancy and suggests that more specific nutrition programmes should be developed to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women.

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“…Folate as one of the colonic bacterial fermentation products is a powerful micronutrient with a broad spectrum of wellknown functions at various levels. Its importance in ocular health is well established [144][145][146][173][174][175][176][177][178][179], but its immunomodulatory properties represent an emerging concept for functional T reg stabilization. The colon is a significant folate depot [19] that participates in metabolism and contributes to bioavailable folate levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Role for Folate in Microbiome-Linked Control of Autoimmunity

Mölzer

¹

,

Kuffová

²

,

Forrester

³

2021

Journal of Immunology Research

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The microbiome exerts considerable control over immune homeostasis and influences susceptibility to autoimmune and autoinflammatory disease (AD/AID) such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes (T1D), psoriasis, and uveitis. In part, this is due to direct effects of the microbiome on gastrointestinal (GI) physiology and nutrient transport, but also to indirect effects on immunoregulatory controls, including induction and stabilization of T regulatory cells ( T reg ). Secreted bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are under intense investigation as mediators of these effects. In contrast, folate (vitamin B9), an essential micronutrient, has attracted less attention, possibly because it exerts global physiological effects which are difficult to differentiate from specific effects on the immune system. Here, we review the role of folate in AD/AID with some emphasis on sight-threatening autoimmune uveitis. Since folate is required for the generation and maintenance of T reg , we propose that one mechanism for microbiome-based control of AD/AID is via folate-dependent induction of GI tract T reg , particularly colonic T reg , via anergic T cells ( T an ). Hence, folate supplementation has potential prophylactic and/or therapeutic benefit in AID/AD.

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“…One study reported intake of total vitamin A from supplements only (Bille et al, 2007). Intake data were collected using validated or modified versions of validated FFQs in 15 studies (Beurskens et al, 2013;Botto et al, 2001;Carmichael et al, 2020;Carmichael et al, 2010;Chandler et al, 2012;Feldkamp et al, 2011;Johansen et al, 2008;Krapels et al, 2004;Moore et al, 2020;Obrycki et al, 2019;Shaw et al, 2010a;Shaw et al, 1997;Smedts et al, 2009;Wallenstein et al, 2013;Weber et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2008). Three studies used interviews (Martínez-Frías & Salvador, 1990;Mills et al, 1997;Mitchell et al, 2003).…”

Section: Case-control Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight case-control studies reported preformed vitamin A intake from diet only (Botto et al, 2001;Chandler et al, 2012;Krapels et al, 2004;Moore et al, 2020;Obrycki et al, 2019;Smedts et al, 2009;Weber et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2008), whereas two studies reported preformed vitamin A intake from diet + supplements (Botto et al, 2001;Johansen et al, 2008). One study reported preformed vitamin A intake from liver and liver + supplements (Mitchell et al, 2003).…”

Section: Case-control Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed characteristics of the 23 included studies can be found in Appendix E. Three prospective cohort studies (Mastroiacovo et al, 1999;Michikawa et al, 2019;Rothman et al, 1995), one case-cohort study (Bille et al, 2007) and 19 case-control studies were included in the evidence synthesis (Beurskens et al, 2013;Botto et al, 2001;Carmichael et al, 2020;Carmichael et al, 2010;Chandler et al, 2012;Johansen et al, 2008;Krapels et al, 2004;Martínez-Frías & Salvador, 1990;Mills et al, 1997;Mitchell et al, 2003;Moore et al, 2020;Obrycki et al, 2019;Shaw et al, 2010a;Shaw et al, 1997;Smedts et al, 2009;Wallenstein et al, 2013;Weber et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2008). More than 20 different outcomes were examined among the 23 studies included in the assessment.…”

Section: Review Of the Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparatory work for the update of the tolerable upper intake levels for vitamin A

Olsen,

Christensen,

Arnesen

et al. 2024

EFSA Supporting Publications

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This report describes collection of data and appraisal of scientific evidence in relation to assessment of Upper Levels (UL) for vitamin A. In the SR on teratogenicity, 370 records were identified and reduced to 23 records after screening (3 prospective and 20 casecontrol studies). Few studies reported intakes in the range of 3,000 -15,000 µg per day. There is considerable heterogeneity in outcomes. Available body of evidence (BoE) demonstrates no overall trend of increased risk of teratogenicity with exposure to high preformed vitamin A or total vitamin A (preformed vitamin A and β-carotene). In the SR on hepatotoxicity, 918 records were identified and reduced to 4 records (randomized controlled trials) after screening. The studies examined doses ranging from 300 to 41,250 μg RE/day of vitamin A. There was no clear overall trend of increased risk of hepatotoxicity with exposure to high vitamin A. Available BoE demonstrates lack of scientific data to establish a dose-response relationship. In the SR on bone fractures, 795 records were identified and reduced to 11 records (prospective studies) after screening. Meta-analysis was performed on hip fractures in women. There were limited/suggestive evidence for increased risk of fractures with preformed and total vitamin A intakes >1,500 and >3,000 µg RE/d, respectively. However, available BoE is insufficient to conclude that high vitamin A increases risk of bone fractures in humans. In the SR on bone mineral density (BMD), 795 records were identified and reduced to 7 records (prospective cohort studies) after screening. There was considerable uncertainty related to source of vitamin A. There were limited/suggestive evidence for increased loss of BMD with higher intake of preformed vitamin A from diet including supplements in elderly women (data only available in one study). However, the available BoE is insufficient to conclude that high vitamin A affect BMD in humans.

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Maternal diet as a risk factor for primary congenital glaucoma and defects of the anterior segment of the eye in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Factors Influencing Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy in a Culturally Diverse Society

Factors Influencing Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy in a Culturally Diverse Society

A Role for Folate in Microbiome-Linked Control of Autoimmunity

Preparatory work for the update of the tolerable upper intake levels for vitamin A

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