Maternal Exercise during Pregnancy Increases BDNF Levels and Cell Numbers in the Hippocampal Formation but Not in the Cerebral Cortex of Adult Rat Offspring

Silva, Sérgio Gomes da; Almeida, Alexandre Aparecido de; Fernandes, Jansen; Lopim, Glauber Menezes; Cabral, Francisco Romero; Amado, Débora; Oliveira-Pinto, Ana V.; Lent, Roberto; Arida, Ricardo Mário

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147200

Cited by 68 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Rodent studies show that prenatal exercise enhances several features in the offspring's brain such as memory (Lee et al, 2006, Akhavan et al, 2008, Robinson and Bucci, 2014), antioxidant defenses (Marcelino et al, 2013), hippocampal neurogenesis (Bick-Sander et al, 2006, Lee et al, 2006), expression of neurotrophic factors (Aksu et al, 2012, Gomes da Silva et al, 2016), while prenatal exercise reduces anxiety (Aksu et al, 2012). In a recent study, we showed that maternal exercise during pregnancy enhances cognitive function (habituation behavior and spatial learning) and increases BDNF levels and cells numbers (neuronal and non-neuronal) in the hippocampus of rat offspring (Gomes da Silva et al, 2016).…”

Section: Can the Beneficial Effects Of Physical Exercise Be Transmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical exercise as an epigenetic modulator of brain plasticity and cognition

Fernandes

Arida

Gómez‐Pinilla

2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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242

172

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A large amount of evidence has demonstrated the power of exercise to support cognitive function, the effects of which can last for considerable time. An emerging line of scientific evidence indicates that the effects of exercise are longer lasting than previously thought up to the point to affect future generations. The action of exercise on epigenetic regulation of gene expression seem central to building an “epigenetic memory” to influence long-term brain function and behavior. In this review article, we discuss new developments in the epigenetic field connecting exercise with changes in cognitive function, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs (miRNAs). The understanding of how exercise promotes long-term cognitive effects is crucial for directing the power of exercise to reduce the burden of neurological and psychiatric disorders.

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Section: Can the Beneficial Effects Of Physical Exercise Be Transmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical exercise as an epigenetic modulator of brain plasticity and cognition

Fernandes

Arida

Gómez‐Pinilla

2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

Self Cite

242

172

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“…In several rodent studies, maternal exercise is associated with increased offspring learning and memory ability [49][50][51][52] and reduced anxiety. 53 The cognitive and emotional improvements may be due to maternal exercise-induced increase in neural Bdnf (a neurotrophic factor associated with enhanced learning and memory abilities), especially in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, [51][52][53] , leptin (Lep, a satiety hormone), 49 Vegf (an angiogenic protein) in the prefrontal cortex, 53 and c-Fos (a proto-oncogene) expression in the perirhinal cortex.…”

Section: Maternal Exercise and Offspring Behavioral And Reproductive mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…53 The cognitive and emotional improvements may be due to maternal exercise-induced increase in neural Bdnf (a neurotrophic factor associated with enhanced learning and memory abilities), especially in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, [51][52][53] , leptin (Lep, a satiety hormone), 49 Vegf (an angiogenic protein) in the prefrontal cortex, 53 and c-Fos (a proto-oncogene) expression in the perirhinal cortex. 50 Further, maternal exercise may exert positive effects on brain mitochondrial function 51,54 and neuron cell numbers and viability.…”

Section: Maternal Exercise and Offspring Behavioral And Reproductive mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…50 Further, maternal exercise may exert positive effects on brain mitochondrial function 51,54 and neuron cell numbers and viability. 49,52,55 Dendritic growth of parietal neurons is blunted in offspring of dams subjected to prenatal restraint stress. 56 However, this neuropathological changed is alleviated in offspring of stressed dams who are allowed to exercise on a voluntary running wheel, further emphasizing the power of maternal exercise to overcome negative periconceptional stimuli.…”

Section: Maternal Exercise and Offspring Behavioral And Reproductive mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Homage to the ‘H’ in developmental origins of health and disease

Rosenfeld

2016

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Abundant evidence exists linking maternal and paternal environments from pericopconception through the postnatal period to later risk to offspring diseases. This concept was first articulated by the late Sir David Barker and as such coined the Barker Hypothesis. The term was then mutated to Fetal Origins of Adult Disease and finally broadened to developmental origins of adult health and disease (DOHaD) in recognition that the perinatal environment can shape both health and disease in resulting offspring. Developmental exposure to various factors, including stress, obesity, caloric-rich diets and environmental chemicals can lead to detrimental offspring health outcomes. However, less attention has been paid to date on measures that parents can take to promote the long-term health of their offspring. In essence, have we neglected to consider the ‘H’ in DOHaD? It is the ‘H’ component that should be of primary concern to expecting mothers and fathers and those seeking to have children. While it may not be possible to eliminate exposure to all pernicious factors, prevention/remediation strategies may tip the scale to health rather than disease. By understanding disruptive DOHaD mechanisms, it may also illuminate behavioral modifications that parents can adapt before fertilization and throughout the neonatal period to promote the lifelong health of their male and female offspring. Three possibilities will be explored in the current review: parental exercise, probiotic supplementation and breastfeeding in the case of mothers. The ‘H’ paradigm should be the focus going forward as a healthy start can indeed last a lifetime.

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“…Ex of pregnant rat mother enhanced also cognitive functions (habituation behavior and spatial learning) in the offspring, and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and cell numbers in the hippocampal formation of the offspring [49]. Maternal swimming during pregnancy increased mitochondrial mass and membrane potential suggesting mitochondrogenesis in cerebellum and parietal cortex of pups, i.e.…”

Section: Exercise Effects On Brain Function Of the Offspringmentioning

confidence: 94%

Pregnancy, Exercise and Late Effects in the Offspring until Adult Age

Pařízková¹

2017

SOJGOW

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Maternal exercise during pregnancy as one of the critical periods can have significant delayed effect in the offsprring's fetal imprinting of future development until adult age; adequate and voluntary exercise is provided, not a forced one as a stress. Spontaneous physical activity of the offspring until adult age can be increased, and body composition, cardiac micro structure and reactibility (greater resistance to noxi), vasomotor function, glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity along with related diseases (diabetes) can be positively influenced. Bone development and also the enhancement of brain function and learning sensitivity can be improved as revealed in a number of experimental model animal studies. Exercise during pregnancy was also shown to compensate in the offspring the detrimental effect of inadequate, e.g. high fat diets. Possibility of introducing significant modifications of the programming of the offspring's desirable development and health status by adequate and physiological maternal exercise during pregnancy was supported also by some observations in humans. Keywords IntroductionThe level of physical activity (PA) and exercise (Ex) is an important environmental stimulus which has significant effect on a number of metabolic, humoral, functional, morphological, psychological and other characteristics of the organism which can manifest not only at present, but also as delayed consequences when implemented since the very beginning of life. Such effects depend on the character, intensity, frequency, duration of PA régimes and/or Ex, and the reaction and consequences can be also further modified by eventual adaptation to them when applied gradually and repeatedly during appropriate periods of time. Increased physical fitness, reduced adiposity along with reduced metabolic, musculoskeletal and psychological problems can result from adequate exercise, especially when applied during growth [1,2]. On the other hand, sudden forced implementation of increased Ex can become a stress with undesirable results as revealed e.g. in experimental models [3,4,5].Previous studies on the impact of Ex which modifies significantly energy balance and turnover showed also that the earlier such a stimulus is implemented and the longer it lasts, the more apparent are its manifestations; the adequacy of such a stimulus is essential, and should always have a character as related to the level of development of the organism when Ex is started to be implemented. Moreover, this effect can appear and has a special character when applied through the régime of PA of the pregnant mother [3][4][5][6].Fetal origin hypothesis of morbidity [4,5,7,8,9] and metabolic imprinting by prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors [6][7][8][9][10] concern also PA and Ex. Their impact can be transferred during pregnancy on the fetus due to physical activity régimes and reactive changes to them of the pregnant mother, and could manifest significantly in the offspring during its own postnatal period up to the adult age. The effect of PA ...

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Maternal Exercise during Pregnancy Increases BDNF Levels and Cell Numbers in the Hippocampal Formation but Not in the Cerebral Cortex of Adult Rat Offspring

Cited by 68 publications

References 26 publications

Physical exercise as an epigenetic modulator of brain plasticity and cognition

Physical exercise as an epigenetic modulator of brain plasticity and cognition

Homage to the ‘H’ in developmental origins of health and disease

Pregnancy, Exercise and Late Effects in the Offspring until Adult Age

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