Maternal exposure to perfluoroalkyl chemicals and anogenital distance in the offspring: A Faroese cohort study

Christensen, Jonathan Vibe Retbøll; Bangash, Khushal Khan; Weihe, Pál; Grandjean, Philippe; Nielsen, Flemming; Jensen, Tina Kold; Petersen, Maria Skaalum

doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.06.016

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Anogenital distance (AGD) is a measure of endocrine disruption during in utero development, and a link between increased female neonatal AGD and maternal PFAS concentrations has been reported [189]. However, similar to other reproductive endpoints, shortened AGD in female infants at three months of age is associated with maternal serum concentrations of PFOS, PFHxS, and PFNA [190], while two more studies did detect a correlation between maternal serum PFAS and AGD in females [191,192].…”

Section: Developmental Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Per- and Polyfluoroalkylated Substances on Female Reproduction

González-Alvarez,

Antwi-Boasiako,

Keating

2024

Toxics

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Per- and poly-fluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are a large group of chemicals that persist both in the environment and in the body. Legacy PFAS, e.g., perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, are implicated as endocrine disruptors and reproductive and developmental toxicants in epidemiological and animal model studies. This review describes female reproductive outcomes of reported studies and includes where associative relationships between PFAS exposures and female reproductive outcomes have been observed as well as where those are absent. In animal models, studies in which PFAS are documented to cause toxicity and where effects are lacking are described. Discrepancies exist in both human and animal studies and are likely attributable to human geographical contamination, developmental status, duration of exposure, and PFAS chemical identity. Similarly, in animal investigations, the model used, exposure paradigm, and developmental status of the female are important and vary widely in documented studies. Taken together, support for PFAS as reproductive and developmental toxicants exists, although the disparity in study conditions and human exposures contribute to the variation in effects noted.

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Section: Developmental Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Per- and Polyfluoroalkylated Substances on Female Reproduction

González-Alvarez,

Antwi-Boasiako,

Keating

2024

Toxics

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“…25 No relationship was found in two other studies. 26,27 There are three studies examining the effect of bisphenol A: One showed a significant relationship with decreased AGD 28 , two other studies did not report any association. 29,30 The relationship between prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and female offspring's AGD was examined by two studies, and they found significant association with shortened AGD in newborn girls.…”

Section: Endocrine Disrupting Agents and Anogenital Distancementioning

confidence: 99%

Anogenital Distance and Prenatal Androgen Exposure in Female Fetus and Newborns: A Systematic Review

Halıcı Öztürk,

Atalay

2023

Adv Res Obstet Gynaecol

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The aim of this systematic review is to examine the relationship between anogenital distance (AGD) and prenatal androgen exposure in female offspring, and to assess whether there is sufficient scientific evidence that AGD could be a biomarker of in utero exposure in girls. A systematic approach was adopted to the screening and selection of the studies through Pub Med database. 959 documents were found in Pub Med search, 919 of them were excluded for lack of relevance, and 40 studies were included in the review. A significant portion of the selected studies (25 papers) focuses on the effect of exposure to endocrine disrupting agents (EDAs) such as phthalates, bisphenol A, and perfluoroalkyl substances. The other exposure factors examined in the studies are polycystic ovary syndrome, smoking and alcohol use, and maternal stressful life events. In 19 studies, a significant association has been reported between prenatal exposure factors and AGD length in female fetus and newborns. In the remaining 21 studies, no significant association was found. In conclusion, although there is still no a clear and conclusive evidence, a growing body of research provides data supporting that AGD may be considered a reliable marker of in utero androgen exposure in female infants. Our review highlights significant knowledge gaps with regard to some androgen or anti-androgen exposure factors. Much more research needed to understand the relationship of anogenital distance with in utero hormonal milieu and offspring’s reproductive system development.

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Long Chain Per/Polyfluoroalkyl Acids (C8 and Above)

Dourson,

Kougias,

Anderson

et al. 2024

Patty's Toxicology

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This chapter is about a series of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that can also be described as “long‐chain” perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). The overall structure of PFAAs is a lengthy carbon chain with fluorine atoms substituting for hydrogen atoms and either a carboxylic or sulfonate head group. PFAAs are unusually chemically stable, water and oil resistant, and useful for many industrial applications, such as in the formation of polymers. In biological systems, these chemicals are generally well‐absorbed, resistant to metabolism, but also have the unusual property of widely different elimination kinetics among and within mammalian species. The range of estimated elimination half‐lives in humans for the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), for example, is quite large ranging from one‐half to as much as 14 years, although a recent estimate from an international collaboration places this value closer to 1 year. The available literature on PFAAs is voluminous. This chapter will not attempt to review all this literature. Rather human studies will be emphasized, but since these studies nearly always suggest associations between PFAA exposure and health outcomes, this will be followed by studies in experimental animals that give insights into the human evidence. Afterward, a summary of attempts to estimate potential human risk by various international agencies will be described. What will become obvious, however, is that the overall uncertainty in the database of these chemicals has led to widely divergent risk assessment positions that need to be resolved. Risk management decisions on this class of chemistries are seen to be premature without such scientific resolution.

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Maternal exposure to perfluoroalkyl chemicals and anogenital distance in the offspring: A Faroese cohort study

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

Effects of Per- and Polyfluoroalkylated Substances on Female Reproduction

Effects of Per- and Polyfluoroalkylated Substances on Female Reproduction

Anogenital Distance and Prenatal Androgen Exposure in Female Fetus and Newborns: A Systematic Review

Long Chain Per/Polyfluoroalkyl Acids (C8 and Above)

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