Maternal fetal interaction in the ABO system: A comparative analysis of healthy mother and couples with spontaneous abortion in Bengalee population

Abstract

The ABO incompatibility between the couples is likely to be a risk factor for early spontaneous abortions and also the heterozygote selection of ABO blood group genotypes.

Husband/Wife Joint AB Blood Group is Associated With Clinical Outcomes of IVF/ICSI Treatment in Chinese Women

“…By screening the ABO blood groups aborted fetuses and their parents in 124 early spontaneous abortions, Bandyopadhyay AR found a signi cantly higher (P < 0.05) frequency of ABO incompatibility in couple with miscarriage when compared with newborns and their parents from the same area. (22) This conclusion indicates that the ABO incompatibility between the husband and wife may be a risk factor for early spontaneous abortions. However, we observed lacked statistical power to detect relevant associations of blood groups either to history of spontaneous abortions before ART treatment, nor to early spontaneous abortions following IVF-ET.…”

Parent Joint AB Blood Group Is Associated With Clinical Outcomes of in vitro Fertilization and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Treatment in Chinese Women

“…However, this study presented the difference simply by the percentage of blood types not the P -value of statistical analysis. By screening the ABO blood groups in aborted fetuses and their parents in 124 early spontaneous abortions, Bandyopadhyay found a significantly higher ( P < 0.05) frequency of ABO incompatibility in couples with miscarriage when compared with newborns and their parents from the same area ( 18 ). This conclusion indicates that the ABO incompatibility between the father and mother may be a risk factor for early spontaneous abortions.…”

Hypothyroidism in miscarriage abortion during second trimester regarding on the ABO- Rh blood system

“…Thyroid disorders involving thyroid hormone levels within the thyroid gland abnormalities, such as Nutrient deficiency iodine cause lead to endemic goiter condition (6), therefore, the thyroid hormones has multifunctional effects due to infertility and birth defects, so the blood investigations through thyroid profile by ultrasonography and required with FNAC (fine needle aspiration cytology techniques) for Blood grouping pregnancy have been categorized four different groups according on them blood groups, therefore (7), they were divided into some categories depended on their thyroid hormone levels was labeled as abnormal states with hypothyroidism condition (8).The human chorionic gonadotrophic (hCG) has been thyrotrophic activity and owing to subunit homology within thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) which was suppressing during the first trimester of pregnancy (9), If hCG levels is highly elevated lead to the TSH responses to thyrotrophic releasing hormone and reducing in the first trimester and returns to normal state after this time in second trimester (10), While thyroid binding globulin increases in the first 2 weeks of pregnancy and reaches plateau level during 20 weeks ago, Therefore, the increasing production of total T3 (tri-iodothyronine)and T4 (thyroxin) after 20 weeks induced in this cases (11). Through this time the Glomerular Filtration Rate increased of pregnancy resulting an increased renal loss of iodide molecule (12), which is essential substance for thyroid hormone synthesis and the thyroid compensates lead to increasing the proportion of iodide for taken up from blood stream, so the relative background iodide deficiency occurring increased and these changes may be resulting the enlargement of the thyroid gland during pregnancy called (thyroid goiter) (13) .There for, the hyper metabolic rate of normal pregnancy makes clinical assessment of thyroid functions have been needed to be checked biochemically examination for all trimester (14), so the physiological changes of pregnancy lead to soften about 50 per cent of plasma volume expansion obtain, and the decreasing the levels of TSH within rising level of T4 concentration in the first trimester of normal healthy pregnancy induced the following due to the false of T4 levels within advancing effects of the gestation and induced the most marked effect during third trimester of normal pregnancy (15) .The firstly prevalent cause of hypothyroidism in some pregnancy is chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) but the other causes including endemic iodine deficiency and must be prior for radioactive iodine therapy (16), while untreated hypothyroidism in pregnancy produced increasing the risk for adverse pregnancy complications incidence and inducing detriment the of effects on fetal neurocognitive development degree and increasing the risk rate for premature birth state within low birth weight and miscarriage rate will be increased then lead to the fetal deaths at greater than 22 weeks of gestation (17), or at least 1 preterm birth (<35 weeks) during sever preeclampsia occurring and placental insufficiency has been incidence, because thyroid hormones have been impact on oocytes at the...…”