Maternal‐fetal transfer of selenium in the mouse

Burk, Raymond F.; Olson, Gary E.; Hill, Kristina E.; Winfrey, Virginia P.; Motley, Amy K.; Kurokawa, Shu

doi:10.1096/fj.13-231852

Cited by 80 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It would be important to test in future studies whether other members of the lipoprotein receptor family may also function in SelP uptake and contribute to the hierarchical retention of Se by different tissues. It should also be noted that, in addition to the receptor-dependent transport of SelP, this selenoprotein can be taken up by cells nonspecifically through pinocytosis (37). But this uptake mechanism appears to function mostly under Se-adequate conditions.…”

Section: Selenoprotein Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenoproteins: Molecular Pathways and Physiological Roles

Labunskyy

Hatfield

Gladyshev³

2014

Physiological Reviews

1,060

835

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Selenium is an essential micronutrient with important functions in human health and relevance to several pathophysiological conditions. The biological effects of selenium are largely mediated by selenium-containing proteins (selenoproteins) that are present in all three domains of life. Although selenoproteins represent diverse molecular pathways and biological functions, all these proteins contain at least one selenocysteine (Sec), a seleniumcontaining amino acid, and most serve oxidoreductase functions. Sec is cotranslationally inserted into nascent polypeptide chains in response to the UGA codon, whose normal function is to terminate translation. To decode UGA as Sec, organisms evolved the Sec insertion machinery that allows incorporation of this amino acid at specific UGA codons in a process requiring a cis-acting Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element. Although the basic mechanisms of Sec synthesis and insertion into proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have been studied in great detail, the identity and functions of many selenoproteins remain largely unknown. In the last decade, there has been significant progress in characterizing selenoproteins and selenoproteomes and understanding their physiological functions. We discuss current knowledge about how these unique proteins perform their functions at the molecular level and highlight new insights into the roles that selenoproteins play in human health.

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Section: Selenoprotein Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenoproteins: Molecular Pathways and Physiological Roles

Labunskyy

Hatfield

Gladyshev³

2014

Physiological Reviews

1,060

835

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Bone marrow, which exports blood cells containing selenoproteins, and the placenta, which takes up Sepp1 from the maternal circulation to supply selenium to the fetus (20), both express relatively large amounts. Brain, muscle, and other tissues express moderate amounts.…”

Section: Apoer2-mediated Uptake Of Sepp1 From the Systemic Circulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Selenium Metabolism and Transport

2015

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Selenium is regulated in the body to maintain vital selenoproteins and to avoid toxicity. When selenium is limiting, cells utilize it to synthesize the selenoproteins most important to them, creating a selenoprotein hierarchy in the cell. The liver is the central organ for selenium regulation and produces excretory selenium forms to regulate whole-body selenium. It responds to selenium deficiency by curtailing excretion and secreting selenoprotein P (Sepp1) into the plasma at the expense of its intracellular selenoproteins. Plasma Sepp1 is distributed to tissues in relation to their expression of the Sepp1 receptor apolipoprotein E receptor-2, creating a tissue selenium hierarchy. N-terminal Sepp1 forms are taken up in the renal proximal tubule by another receptor, megalin. Thus, the regulated whole-body pool of selenium is shifted to needy cells and then to vital selenoproteins in them to supply selenium where it is needed, creating a whole-body selenoprotein hierarchy. 17.1

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“…Moreover, apoER2 À/À mice had no SelP in BCECs or choroid plexus cells at the BBB, suggesting a key role of ApoER2 in brain Se uptake, and also the presence of an unknown redundancy mechanism for Se transport. It remains unclear if other members of the lipoprotein receptor family may participate of SelP uptake, since Burk et al 47 observed an alternative mechanism that does not appear to depend directly on selenoproteins participating on the transfer of Se from pregnant dam to the fetus, and it is unclear if this mechanism is conserved in the postnatal period.…”

Section: Selenoprotein P and Brain Selenium Hierarchymentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium, selenoproteins and neurodegenerative diseases

et al. 2015

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It is unsurprising that our understanding of the role of selenium in neurological function is somewhat immature, considering its relatively recent discovery as an essential element to human health. Selenocysteine, the 21st amino acid, is the defining feature of the 25 selenoprotein-encoding genes so far discovered within the human genome. The low abundance of these proteins in the brain belies the integral role they play in normal neurological function, from well-characterised antioxidant activity in the periphery to poorly understood mechanisms that modulate mitochondrial function and response to brain pathology. Selenium has been identified as playing a role in several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, though its function as a 'cause or effect' of disease process remains unclear. This review discusses selenium metabolism in detail, specifically with regard to the role it plays within the central nervous system, and examines the most current literature investigating how selenium may be involved in chronic diseases of the central nervous system.

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Maternal‐fetal transfer of selenium in the mouse

Cited by 80 publications

References 23 publications

Selenoproteins: Molecular Pathways and Physiological Roles

Selenoproteins: Molecular Pathways and Physiological Roles

Regulation of Selenium Metabolism and Transport

Selenium, selenoproteins and neurodegenerative diseases

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