Maternal–fetal transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi

Carlier, Yves; Truyens, Carine

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801029-7.00024-1

Cited by 19 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…As there is a considerable flow of migrants from endemic to non-endemic countries, T. cruzi transmission by transfusion of contaminated blood poses a barrier to disease control (43). Transfusion transmission depends on technical parameters in the trial for blood donors as systematic screening for anti- T. cruzi antibodies, and intrinsic aspects of donor or receptor as parasite load and immune status, respectively (44).…”

Section: Chagas Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the World Health Organization (3), there are 1,124,930 women between 15 and 44 years old infected with T. cruzi in Latin America, and the overall risk of congenital T. cruzi infection in children born from infected mothers is around 5% (46). The success of maternal-fetal transmission depends mainly on parasite genetic variability and maternal-fetal immune responses (43).…”

Section: Chagas Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Chagas Disease: From Discovery to a Worldwide Health Problem

Lidani

Andrade

Bavia

et al. 2019

Front. Public Health

424

329

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Carlos Chagas discovered American trypanosomiasis, also named Chagas disease (CD) in his honor, just over a century ago. He described the clinical aspects of the disease, characterized by its etiological agent ( Trypanosoma cruzi ) and identified its insect vector. Initially, CD occurred only in Latin America and was considered a silent and poorly visible disease. More recently, CD became a neglected worldwide disease with a high morbimortality rate and substantial social impact, emerging as a significant public health threat. In this context, it is crucial to better understand better the epidemiological scenarios of CD and its transmission dynamics, involving people infected and at risk of infection, diversity of the parasite, vector species, and T. cruzi reservoirs. Although efforts have been made by endemic and non-endemic countries to control, treat, and interrupt disease transmission, the cure or complete eradication of CD are still topics of great concern and require global attention. Considering the current scenario of CD, also affecting non-endemic places such as Canada, USA, Europe, Australia, and Japan, in this review we aim to describe the spread of CD cases worldwide since its discovery until it has become a global public health concern.

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Section: Chagas Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chagas Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Chagas Disease: From Discovery to a Worldwide Health Problem

Lidani

Andrade

Bavia

et al. 2019

Front. Public Health

424

329

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In nonendemic areas, congenital infection has become the most important route of transmission (2,3). Infected women in reproductive age can transmit the parasite to their offspring during successive pregnancies, making this transmission route an important health problem that can easily be extended in time and space, through migrations (4,5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Cytokines as Biomarkers of Early Trypanosoma cruzi infection by Congenital Exposure

Volta

Bustos

Cardoni

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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Trypanosoma cruzi, the causing agent of Chagas disease, leads to an activation of the immune system in congenitally infected infants. In this study, we measured a set of cytokines/chemokines and the levels of parasitemia by quantitative PCR in the circulation of neonates born to T. cruzi–infected mothers to evaluate the predictive value of these mediators as biomarkers of congenital transmission. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 35 infants with congenital T. cruzi infection, of which 15 and 10 infants had been diagnosed by detection of parasites by microscopy in the first and sixth month after delivery, respectively, and the remaining 10 had been diagnosed by the presence of T. cruzi–specific Abs at 10–12 mo old. Uninfected infants born to either T. cruzi–infected or uninfected mothers were also evaluated as controls. The plasma levels of IL-17A, MCP-1, and monokine induced by IFN-γ were increased in infants congenitally infected with T. cruzi, even before they developed detectable parasitemia or seroconversion. Infants diagnosed between 6 and 12 mo old also showed increased levels of IL-6 and IL-17F at 1 mo of age. Conversely, infants who did not develop congenital T. cruzi infection had higher levels of IFN-γ than infected infants born to uninfected mothers. Monokine induced by IFN-γ, MCP-1, and IFN-γ production induced in T. cruzi–infected infants correlated with parasitemia, whereas the plasma levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-6 were less parasite load dependent. These findings support the existence of a distinct profile of cytokines and chemokines in the circulation of infants born to T. cruzi–infected mothers, which might predict congenital infection.

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“…22 28 Our estimates can be used as a reference but some limitations in the calculations should be considered: for example, the performance of serological tests and the congenital transmission rate vary among countries. 26 Accurate and up-to-date data are needed in endemic countries.…”

Section: Burden Of Ccd and Number Of Newborns That Should Be Tested Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 39 There is evidence that blood sampling at 1 month after birth improves accuracy of molecular diagnosis. 26 40 And there have been successful examples of validating and harmonising home-brewed or commercial PCR and real-time quantitative PCR methods. 41 42 Both efforts will hopefully contribute to implement a strategy for a timely and effective diagnosis of CCD.…”

Section: Implementation Of Molecular Tools To Test For Congenital Chamentioning

confidence: 99%

The burden of congenital Chagas disease and implementation of molecular diagnostic tools in Latin America

et al. 2018

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It is estimated that between 8000 and 15 000 Trypanosoma cruzi infected babies are born every year to infected mothers in Chagas disease endemic countries. Currently, poor access to and performance of the current diagnostic algorithm, based on microscopy at birth and serology at 8–12 months after delivery, is one of the barriers to congenital Chagas disease (CCD) control. Detection of parasite DNA using molecular diagnostic tools could be an alternative or complement to current diagnostic methods, but its implementation in endemic regions remains limited. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of CCD cases would have a positive clinical and epidemiological impact. In this paper, we analysed the burden of CCD in Latin America, and the potential use of molecular tests to improve access to early diagnosis and treatment of T. cruzi infected newborns.

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Maternal–fetal transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi

Cited by 19 publications

References 186 publications

Chagas Disease: From Discovery to a Worldwide Health Problem

Chagas Disease: From Discovery to a Worldwide Health Problem

Serum Cytokines as Biomarkers of Early Trypanosoma cruzi infection by Congenital Exposure

The burden of congenital Chagas disease and implementation of molecular diagnostic tools in Latin America

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