Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Offspring Body Mass Index from 1 to 4 Years

Shi, Xiulin; Wang, Dongmei; Lin, Mingzhu; Su, Weijuan; Wang, Liying; Xiao, Fangsen; Huang, Peiying; Liu, Wei; Zeng, Jiali; Song, Haiqu; Li, Xuejun

doi:10.4158/ep-2019-0415

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Prepregnancy BMI may be a confounding factor for the association between maternal GDM and offspring overweight, but studies have reported inconsistent findings. Several studies found that the association between maternal GDM and offspring overweight was largely explained by maternal prepregnancy BMI, 39,55,67 but others did not. 25,34,59 In this regard, our findings showed that the association between maternal GDM and risk of offspring overweight was independent of maternal prepregnancy overweight and obesity and other confounding factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detailed characteristics of the included cohort studies are listed in Table S4. In brief, 49 identified cohort studies were conducted in 14 countries, with 12 cohort studies in the United States, [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] 10 in China, [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] 4 in Canada, [42][43][44][45] 5 in Denmark, 46-50 4 in Finland, [51][52][53][54] 3 in the United Kingdom, [55][56][57] 2 in Germany, 58,59 2 in Israel, 60,61 and 1 each in Brazil, 62 Czech Republic, 63 France, 64 India, 65 Poland, 66…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…67 There was one multinational study with 12 countries. 68 From our sample, 6 cohort studies reported offspring overweight and/or BMI in early childhood, 20,24,[39][40][41][42] 24 cohort studies in late childhood, [21][22][23]25,26,31,[33][34][35][36][37][38][43][44][45]53,56,58,59,[63][64][65][66][67] 15 cohort studies in the pubertal period, [27][28][29][30]32,[49][50][51][52]55,57,[60][61][62]68 and 4 cohort studies in adulthood. [46][47][48]…”

Section: Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[46][47][48]54 Forty-five cohort studies reported the diagnostic criteria for GDM, 20,21,[23][24][25][57][58][59][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] and all the 34 cohort studies for offspring overweight reported definitions for overweight. [21][22][23][24][25]30,31,34,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42]45,46,48,[50][51][52][54][55][56][57][58][59][61][62][63][64]…”

Section: Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risks of overweight in the offspring of women with gestational diabetes at different developmental stages: A meta‐analysis with more than half a million offspring

Gao

Cao

et al. 2021

Obesity Reviews

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We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and offspring overweight from birth to adulthood, and to assess the effects of lifestyle interventions in women with GDM on this risk of offspring overweight. We identified literature from PubMed and 12 other electronic databases and retrieved relevant literature published before October 20, 2020. Random-effects model analysis was used to calculate relative risks (RRs) of overweight and weighted mean differences of body mass index among children stratified into different developmental stages. Forty-nine cohort studies (n = 559,377) and four randomized controlled trials (n = 1277) were included. We found that offspring of women with GDM were at an increased risk for overweight with age, from 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.22) under 5 years, 1.37 (95% CI: 1.31-1.44) at 5 to <10 years, 2.00 (95% CI: 1.79-2.23) at 10 to <18 years, to 2.05 (95% CI: 1.65-2.55) over 18 years of age (p < 0.05 for differences among groups). However, it was not observed that lifestyle interventions for GDM decreased the elevated overweight risk (RR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.80-1.11, I 2 = 0.0%). These findings highlight the need for adopting an active and healthy lifestyle in this high-risk group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Risks of overweight in the offspring of women with gestational diabetes at different developmental stages: A meta‐analysis with more than half a million offspring

Gao

Cao

et al. 2021

Obesity Reviews

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“…However, other studies conducted in China found that maternal GDM increased cardio-metabolic risk in early childhood at 8 years of age but not at 15 years of age 20 . Another study suggested that the O/O in offspring is explained mainly by maternal pre-pregnancy BMI 21 . As these data contrast with our results, more research is needed to clarify this controversy.…”

Section: Children's Bmimentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index in offspring of mothers with diabetes mellitus: follow-up at 2, 4, 6, and 8 years of age

Martínez-Cruz¹,

Guido-Campuzano²,

Ramírez-Maya³

et al. 2021

BMHIM

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Background: Offspring of mothers with diabetes mellitus (DM) during pregnancy may be at high risk for developmental alterations. This study aimed to identify the effects of maternal pre-and gestational diabetes on the body mass index of infants and children at two, four, six, and eight years of age. Methods: We studied children of mothers with type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes and a control group. Maternal and neonatal variables were analyzed for associations with children overweight/obesity. Results: Mothers with DM were older than controls (32 ± 6 vs. 22 ± 6 years, p < 0.001). The frequency of preeclampsia in mothers with DM was 28%. Gestational age and weight at birth were lower in infants from the groups of mothers with DM in comparison with controls (32.8 ± 3.1 vs. 36.4 ± 2.2 weeks, p < 0.001, and 1,637 ± 600 vs. 2,208 ± 518 g, p < 0.001, respectively). At 8 years of age, 47% of the offspring of mothers with DM type 2 had overweight/obesity (odds ratio (OR 8.25) 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-51, p = 0.01), while 27% of offspring of mothers with type 1 DM had overweight/obesity, and 10% of offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes presented overweight/obesity. Conclusions: Offspring of pre-gestational DM mothers have a higher risk to develop overweight/obesity, as was observed with follow-up until school age, for which they require continuous vigilance.

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Precision stratification of prognostic risk factors associated with outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review

Semnani-Azad,

Gaillard,

Hughes

et al. 2024

Commun Med

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Background The objective of this systematic review is to identify prognostic factors among women and their offspring affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), focusing on endpoints of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) for women, and cardiometabolic profile for offspring. Methods This review included studies published in English language from January 1st, 1990, through September 30th, 2021, that focused on the above outcomes of interest with respect to sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and behavioral characteristics, traditional clinical traits, and ‘omics biomarkers in the mothers and offspring during the perinatal/postpartum periods and across the lifecourse. Studies that did not report associations of prognostic factors with outcomes of interest among GDM-exposed women or children were excluded. Results Here, we identified 109 publications comprising 98 observational studies and 11 randomized-controlled trials. Findings indicate that GDM severity, maternal obesity, race/ethnicity, and unhealthy diet and physical activity levels predict T2D and CVD in women, and greater cardiometabolic risk in offspring. However, using the Diabetes Canada 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines for studies, the level of evidence was low due to potential for confounding, reverse causation, and selection biases. Conclusions GDM pregnancies with greater severity, as well as those accompanied by maternal obesity, unhealthy diet, and low physical activity, as well as cases that occur among women who identify as racial/ethnic minorities are associated with worse cardiometabolic prognosis in mothers and offspring. However, given the low quality of evidence, prospective studies with detailed covariate data collection and high fidelity of follow-up are warranted.

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Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Offspring Body Mass Index from 1 to 4 Years

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Risks of overweight in the offspring of women with gestational diabetes at different developmental stages: A meta‐analysis with more than half a million offspring

Risks of overweight in the offspring of women with gestational diabetes at different developmental stages: A meta‐analysis with more than half a million offspring

Body mass index in offspring of mothers with diabetes mellitus: follow-up at 2, 4, 6, and 8 years of age

Precision stratification of prognostic risk factors associated with outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review

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