Maternal herpes simplex virus type 2 coinfection increases the risk of perinatal HIV transmission: possibility to further decrease transmission?

Bollen, Liesbeth J. M.; Whitehead, Sara J.; Mock, Philip A.; Leelawiwat, Wanna; Asavapiriyanont, Suvanna; Chalermchockchareonkit, Amphan; Vanprapar, Nirun; Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee; McNicholl, Janet M.; Tappero, Jordan W.; Shaffer, Nathan; Chuachoowong, Rutt

doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e3282fec42a

Cited by 42 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…If untreated, genital tract infections may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and potential perinatal transmission. Syphilis, HSV, and vaginal infections (bacterial vaginosis, yeast, trichomoniasis) have all been associated with increased risk of perinatal transmission [66–68]. Couples should be counseled on safer sexual practices that prevent secondary HIV transmission to sexual partners, protect women from acquiring STIs, and reduce the potential to acquire more virulent or resistant strains of HIV [4].…”

Section: Interventions For Women Wishing To Conceivementioning

confidence: 99%

Preconception and Contraceptive Care for Women Living with HIV

Hoyt¹,

Storm²,

Aaron

et al. 2012

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Women living with HIV have fertility desires and intentions that are similar to those of uninfected women, and with advances in treatment most women can realistically plan to have and raise children to adulthood. Although HIV may have adverse effects on fertility, recent studies suggest that antiretroviral therapy may increase or restore fertility. Data indicate the increasing numbers of women living with HIV who are becoming pregnant, and that many pregnancies are unintended and contraception is underutilized, reflecting an unmet need for preconception care (PCC). In addition to the PCC appropriate for all women of reproductive age, women living with HIV require comprehensive, specialized care that addresses their unique needs. The goals of PCC for women living with HIV are to prevent unintended pregnancy, optimize maternal health prior to pregnancy, improve maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy, prevent perinatal HIV transmission, and prevent HIV transmission to an HIV-uninfected sexual partner when trying to conceive. This paper discusses the rationale for preconception counseling and care in the setting of HIV and reviews current literature relevant to the content and considerations in providing PCC for women living with HIV, with a primary focus on well-resourced settings.

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Section: Interventions For Women Wishing To Conceivementioning

confidence: 99%

Preconception and Contraceptive Care for Women Living with HIV

Hoyt¹,

Storm²,

Aaron

et al. 2012

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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“…It is plausible that a reduction in HIV-1 RNA during pregnancy and breastfeeding would have a substantial effect on reducing MTCT since HIV-1 RNA levels in plasma and breast milk are important predictors of transmission [18]. Furthermore, HSV-2 suppression also reduces genital ulcers, another important risk factor for MTCT [4,[19][20][21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Valacyclovir Suppressive Therapy Reduces Plasma and Breast Milk HIV-1 RNA Levels During Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Randomized Trial

Drake¹,

Roxby²,

Ongecha-Owuor

et al. 2011

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…Data from a perinatal cohort of 307 HIV-1-positive women in Thailand support this observation; in this study, HSV-2 seropositivity was also associated with an increased risk of perinatal HIV-1 transmission (adjusted OR 2.6, 95% CI, 1.0-6.7). In addition, HSV-2 shedding was associated with intrapartum transmission (adjusted OR 2.9, 95%CI, 1.0-8.5), after adjusting for plasma and cervicovaginal HIV-1 viral load and zidovudine treatment [45]. However, an earlier study in Kenya did not fi nd an association between perinatal transmission of HIV-1 and either HSV-2 seropositivity (OR 1.2, 95% CI, 0.4-3.8) or HSV-2 shedding at delivery (OR 1.7, 95% CI, 0.4-7.1).…”

Section: Hsv-2 Infection and Perinatal Transmission Of Hiv-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights on interactions between HIV-1 and HSV-2

Delany‐Moretlwe

Lingappa²,

Celum³

2009

Curr Infect Dis Rep

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Herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) infection is common and frequently asymptomatic. Concerns exist about the high prevalence of HSV-2, particularly in areas of high HIV prevalence, because of observations that HSV-2 is associated with an increased risk of HIV acquisition, transmission, and disease progression. Several randomized trials have tested or are testing whether HSV-2 treatment can limit the spread of HIV, with mixed results. Although treatment with acyclovir, 400 mg twice daily, does not reduce HIV incidence, suppressive acyclovir and valacyclovir reduce HIV levels in plasma and in the genital tract. Ongoing trials are evaluating whether HSV suppression will reduce HIV transmission and disease progression. Until a protective HSV-2 or HIV vaccine is available, effective interventions that reduce the effect of HSV-2 on HIV transmission are critically needed.

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Maternal herpes simplex virus type 2 coinfection increases the risk of perinatal HIV transmission: possibility to further decrease transmission?

Cited by 42 publications

References 29 publications

Preconception and Contraceptive Care for Women Living with HIV

Preconception and Contraceptive Care for Women Living with HIV

Valacyclovir Suppressive Therapy Reduces Plasma and Breast Milk HIV-1 RNA Levels During Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Randomized Trial

New insights on interactions between HIV-1 and HSV-2

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