Maternal high fat diet consumption reduces liver alpha7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor expression and impairs insulin signalling in the offspring

Abstract

LpS treatment. To induce inflammatory response, mice were treated with LPS diluted in sterile saline and administered intraperitoneally (IP) once a day for three days (1 mg kg −1 bw-IP). Mice were euthanized 2 hours after LPS treatment, and fragments of liver were collected, froze in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C until processing. In vitro experiments. Hepatoma cell line, Hepa-1c1c7 (ATCC ® CRL-2026 ™), derived from mice was used to evaluate the ability of the cholinergic pathway to modulate AKT phosphorylation induced by insulin. Cells were cultivated in alpha modified Eagle's medium (αMEM; Invitrogen, USA) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (Invitrogen, USA) and 1% penicillin (100 U/mL)/streptomycin (100 µg/mL) (Invitrogen, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO 2. Cells were treated with 500 µM palmitate (palmitic acid from Sigma-Aldrich at 500 μM was first diluted in NaOH conjugated to BSA (3:1) for 45 minutes at 37 °C) for 3 hours in 6-well culture plate. The protein content was extracted and analysed by Western blotting. When necessary, 1 µM PNU-282987 (P6499-10MG; Sigma-Aldrich, Brazil) or 1 µM nicotine (N0267-100MG; Sigma-Aldrich, Brazil) was added to the medium for 15 minutes after palmitate treatment. To evaluate the insulin signalling, cells were treated with 100 nM insulin (Humulin, Eli Lilly and Company, USA) for 10 minutes after the 3 hours of palmitate treatment.

Maternal Exercise Improves High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Abnormalities and Gut Microbiota Profiles in Mouse Dams and Offspring

“…The adverse nutritional environment in early life might be one of the important factors in deciphering the rapid development of obesity and metabolic disorders. During the last decade, growing numbers of animal experimental models have demonstrated that maternal obesity or HFD resulted in increased offspring susceptibility to metabolic disorders (Campodonico-Burnett et al, 2020;Costa et al, 2020). Concordantly, our study also demonstrated that maternal HFD not only led to glucose and lipid metabolic disturbances in dams but also programmed glucose intolerance and disorders of serum lipid profiles in male offspring from young into adulthood.…”

Hepatic Epigenetic Reprogramming After Liver Resection in Offspring Alleviates the Effects of Maternal Obesity

“…There is much evidence that maternal obesity and/or high-caloric diet consumption during pregnancy and lactation can promote adverse metabolic outcomes in offspring ( Zambrano et al, 2010 ; Alfaradhi et al, 2014 ; Benatti et al, 2014 ; Melo et al, 2014 ; Gaillard, 2015 ; Fante et al, 2016 ; Simino et al, 2017 ; Costa et al, 2020 ). Among the most well-characterized alterations in the liver of the offspring of obese dams, the development of NAFLD and its interconnection with insulin resistance has been widely explored ( Watt et al, 2019 ; Tanase et al, 2020 ).…”

The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection

“…Nicotine plays a dual role in obesity as a low-grade inflammatory disease. Maternal nicotine consumption not only dysregulates energy metabolism, including hormonal imbalance (leptin, insulin), even it increases the risk of metabolic syndromes such as obesity and hyperleptinemia and larger adipocytes in the offspring during adulthood [ 236 , 237 ]. In obese patients, nicotine’s positive effect on energy metabolism, including glucose and insulin, is associated with the suppression of inflammatory signaling pathways [ 238 ].…”