Maternal investment evolves with larger body size and higher diversification rate in sharks and rays

Mull, Christopher G.; Pennell, Matthew W.; Yopak, Kara E.; Dulvy, Nicholas K.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.019

Current Biology

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.019

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Maternal investment evolves with larger body size and higher diversification rate in sharks and rays

Christopher G. Mull,

Matthew W. Pennell,

Kara E. Yopak

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

References 70 publications

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Viviparity imparts a macroevolutionary signature of ecological opportunity in the body size of female Liolaemus lizards

Domínguez-Guerrero,

Esquerré,

Burress

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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Viviparity evolved ~115 times across squamate reptiles, facilitating the colonization of cold habitats, where oviparous species are scarce or absent. Whether the ecological opportunity furnished by such colonization reconfigures phenotypic diversity and accelerates evolution is unclear. We investigated the association between viviparity and patterns and rates of body size evolution in female Liolaemus lizards, the most species-rich tetrapod genus from temperate regions. Here, we discover that viviparous species evolve ~20% larger optimal body sizes than their oviparous relatives, but exhibit similar rates of body size evolution. Through a causal modeling approach, we find that viviparity indirectly influences body size evolution through shifts in thermal environment. Accordingly, the colonization of cold habitats favors larger body sizes in viviparous species, reconfiguring body size diversity in Liolaemus. The catalyzing influence of viviparity on phenotypic evolution arises because it unlocks access to otherwise inaccessible sources of ecological opportunity, an outcome potentially repeated across the tree of life.

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Viviparity imparts a macroevolutionary signature of ecological opportunity in the body size of female Liolaemus lizards

Domínguez-Guerrero,

Esquerré,

Burress

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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Heterochrony and Oophagy Underlie the Evolution of Giant Filter‐Feeding Lamniform Sharks

Gayford,

Irschick,

Chin

et al. 2024

Evolution and Development

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Evolutionary transitions toward gigantic body sizes have profound consequences for the structure and dynamics of ecological networks. Among elasmobranchs (sharks and rays), gigantism has evolved on several occasions, most notably in the iconic Megalodon (Otodus megalodon†) and the extant whale shark (Rhincodon typus), basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus), and megamouth shark (Megachasma pelagios), all of which reach total lengths exceeding 6 m and, in some cases, reach 21 m or more. Comparative phylogenetic studies suggest that filter feeding and heterothermy provide two alternative evolutionary pathways leading to gigantism in sharks. These selection‐based explanations for gigantism are important; however, our understanding of evolutionary transitions in body size is fundamentally constrained without a proximate, mechanistic understanding of how the suite of adaptations necessary to facilitate gigantism evolved. Here we propose the heterochrony hypothesis for the evolution of the giant filter‐feeding shark ecomorphotype. We suggest that craniofacial adaptations for oophagy in embryonic stages of lamniform sharks are retained through ontogeny in C. maximus and M. pelagios by paedomorphosis, resulting in an enlarged head and mouth relative to the rest of the body, even in adulthood. This change in developmental timing enables these taxa to optimize prey acquisition, which is thought to be the limiting factor for the evolution of gigantism in filter‐feeding marine vertebrates. We discuss the concordance of this hypothesis with current developmental, morphological, and evolutionary data, and we suggest future means by which the hypothesis could be tested.

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Maternal investment evolves with larger body size and higher diversification rate in sharks and rays

Cited by 2 publications

References 70 publications

Viviparity imparts a macroevolutionary signature of ecological opportunity in the body size of female Liolaemus lizards

Viviparity imparts a macroevolutionary signature of ecological opportunity in the body size of female Liolaemus lizards

Heterochrony and Oophagy Underlie the Evolution of Giant Filter‐Feeding Lamniform Sharks

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