Maternal lipid levels in pregnant women without complications in developing risk of large for gestational age newborns: a meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Circulating into foetal circulation across the placental barrier, abnormal maternal serum lipids predispose neonates to metabolic dysfunction and thereafter affect the steroid metabolism and functions of extra-embryonic foetal tissues. Methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed–MEDLINE and the Cochrane library between January 2010 and January 2020. The included studies were English case control studies that described original data on at least one raw lipid measurement during pregnancy in healthy women who delivered large for gestational age (LGA) newborns and in healthy women with non-LGA newborns. The data extracted from 12 studies were pooled, and the weighted mean difference (WMD) in lipid levels was calculated using random effects models. A meta-analysis was performed to identify sources of heterogeneity and to describe the significant value of the collected studies. Results: Of 643 publications identified, a total of 12 met the inclusion criteria. Compared with women who had non-LGA newborns, those who had LGA newborns had significantly higher triglyceride (TG) levels (WMD = 0.28, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.54) and lower high density lipoprotein cholestrol (HDL-C) levels (WMD = 0.08, 95% CI −0.13 to −0.03), but not have significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Moreover, the levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were inconsistent between both groups. Conclusions: High levels of TG and low levels of HDL-C could cause births of LGA newborns whereas maternal serum of TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C cannot be used as predictor of LGA.

Gestational glucose intolerance and pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective study in the primary care setting of Macau

“…Research demonstrated a connection between elevated maternal triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and large-for-gestational-age infants. [ 28 – 30 ] The aforementioned findings showed that changes in the metabolism of macronutrients other than glucose levels might potentially contribute to the onset of macrosomia in children. As a further extension, the GDM-HFBG group may have more metabolic issues unrelated to glucose due to greater insulin resistance or other unidentified pathways, resulting in a higher incidence of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes than the NGT group.…”

The Role of Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency in Offspring Obesity: A Narrative Review

“…Among offspring born to mothers with dyslipidemia, increased birthweight, a higher risk of abnormal birth outcomes, such as macrosomia, largeness for gestational age, as well as atherosclerosis in adulthood were reported in several studies [ 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 ]. When pregnant women had VD deficiency, TG levels increased, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels decreased in the umbilical artery in a 425-participant study [ 122 ].…”