Maternal microbiome in preeclampsia pathophysiology and implications on offspring health

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a devastating hypertensive pregnancy disorder that currently affects 2%-8% of pregnancies worldwide. It is associated with maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity and adverse health outcomes both in mom and offspring beyond pregnancy. The pathophysiology is not completely understood, and there are no approved therapies to specifically treat for the disease, with only few therapies approved to manage symptoms. Recent advances suggest that aberrations in the composition of the microbiome may play a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases including preeclampsia. The maternal and uteroplacental environments greatly influence the long-term health outcomes of the offspring through developmental programming mechanisms. The current review summarizes recent developments on the role of the microbiome in adverse pregnancy outcomes with a focus on preeclampsia. It also discusses the potential role of the maternal microbiome in fetal programming; explores gut-targeted therapeutics advancement and their implications in the treatment of preeclampsia.

The Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Preeclampsia Contributed to Trophoblast Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration via lncRNA BC030099/NF-κB Pathway

“…Colonization of neonatal gut with beneficial bacteria is essential for mucosal barrier's establishment and mainte-nance, thereby protecting neonate from intestinal pathogens and local and systemic inflammation [19]. Recent advances show abnormalities in microbiome composition may play a role in various disease pathogenesis including PE [20]. Alterations in gut microbiota composition could alter short-chain fatty acid profile released by bacteria and contribute to hypertension and metabolic syndrome [21].…”

Coenzyme A Restriction as a Factor Underlying Pre-Eclampsia with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as a Risk Factor

“…Gut microbiota are an important source of Vitamin B5 [ 46 ]. Recent research suggests that disruptions in the composition of the gut microbiome may play a role in the pathogenesis of PE [ 47 ]. The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study demonstrated that probiotic milk intake lowered the risk of developing pre-eclampsia, an effect not observed when the probiotic was taken before or early in pregnancy [ 47 ].…”

“…Recent research suggests that disruptions in the composition of the gut microbiome may play a role in the pathogenesis of PE [ 47 ]. The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study demonstrated that probiotic milk intake lowered the risk of developing pre-eclampsia, an effect not observed when the probiotic was taken before or early in pregnancy [ 47 ]. Dietary counselling to encourage high fibre intake in pregnant women should be assessed further as a potential preventative and management strategy in pre-eclampsia [ 48 ], as it may optimise Vitamin B5 and CoA biosynthesis by gut microbiota.…”

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Adaptation to Lifestyle and the Environment

“…Some of these factors have been investigated and confirmed in modern populations subject to starvation and extreme environmental conditions [111]. In contrast, altered fetal programming in modern societies may be secondary to maternal overnutrition, sedentary behavior, obesity, emotional stress, circadian rhythm disruption, poor gut health or environmental chemical exposure [35,101,112,113]. The preconception and pregnancy periods therefore provide a unique opportunity for lifestyle interventions that promote optimal future health for both the mother and the offspring (Figure 2).…”