Maternal nutrient intake and fetal gastroschisis: A case‐control study

Abstract

Fetal gastroschisis is a paraumbilical abdominal wall defect with herniation of the abdominal organs. This multifactorial malformation occurs in young pregnant women, and the underlying cause of the disease remains unknown; however, nutritional factors may play a role in its development. This case-control study explored the association of maternal nutrient intake with the occurrence of gastroschisis. The gastroschisis group (GG) comprised 57 pregnant women with fetuses with gastroschisis, and the control group (CG) comprised 114 pregnant women with normal fetuses matched for maternal age, gestational age, and preconception body mass index classification. Nutritional assessments related to the preconception period were obtained using the food consumption frequency questionnaire, and nutrient intakes were calculated using nutrition programs. The median daily calorie intake was higher (2,382.43 vs. 2,198.81; p = .041) in the GG than in the CG. The median intake of methionine (763.89 vs. 906.34; p = .036) and threonine (1,248.34 vs. 1,437.01; p = .018) was lower in the GG than in the CG. Pregnant women with fetuses with gastroschisis have a diet characterized by higher calorie intake and lower levels of essential amino acids (methionine and threonine) during the preconception period than pregnant women with normal fetuses. K E Y W O R D Samino acids, fetal gastroschisis, methionine, nutrition, threonine

Fetal gastroschisis: Maternal and fetal methylation profile

“…For this methylation study, we used the mother-infant pairs from the previously described case-control study to investigate nutrition and other risk factors in gastroschisis. 8,28,29 The patients were treated, blood was drawn, and data were collected at the Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo between July 2013 and July 2015. Briefly, consenting singleton pregnant women at gestational age under 34 weeks and with isolated fetal gastroschisis were included in this study.…”

Nuevas pistas para comprender la gastrosquisis. Embriología, patogénesis y epidemiología

“…In addition to genetic and chromosomal alterations and infectious agents, other factors have been involved in the pathogenesis of the malformation. Apparently, there is an association with exposure to herbicides 36 , 37 or pesticides 38 , 39 , radiation 40 , use of drugs such as opioids 41 , 42 , antihyperthyroid 43 or antiasthmatics 44 , nutritional factors such as high preconception caloric intake plus a deficiency of methionine and threonine 45 , a deficient intake of folic acid 46 , and even with adverse maternal psychosocial conditions 47 , 48 .…”

“…Además de las alteraciones genéticas, cromosómicas, y los agentes infecciosos, otros factores han sido involucrados en la patogénesis de la malformación. Al parecer, existe asociación con la exposición a herbicidas 36 , 37 ) o pesticidas 38 , 39 , con la radiación 40 , con el uso de medicamentos como opioides 41 , 42 , antihipertiroideos 43 o antiasmáticos 44 , con factores nutricionales como la elevada ingesta calórica preconcepcional con déficit de metionina y treonina 45 o la ingesta deficiente en ácido fólico 46 y aún, con condiciones psicosociales maternas adversas 47 , 48 .…”

Is there a role for fetal interventions in gastroschisis management? – An updated comprehensive review

“…Risk factors of gastroschisis include maternal smoking, pregestational or gestational diabetes, antidepressant medication use, young maternal age and maternal diet 31,32 . The effects of maternal age on gastroschisis incidence has become of particular interest in recent years.…”

“…Risk factors of gastroschisis include maternal smoking, pregestational or gestational diabetes, antidepressant medication use, young maternal age and maternal diet. 31,32 The effects of maternal age on gastroschisis incidence has become of particular interest in recent years. According to a large study of 4713 cases of gastroschisis, mothers aged <20 years were 7.2 times (95% CI, 6.51-7.92) more likely to have a fetus with gastroschisis when compared to mothers aged 25 to 29 years.…”