Maternal obesity and stillbirth at term; placental pathology—A case control study

Åmark, Hanna; Westgren, Magnus; Sirotkina, Meeli; Varli, Ingela Hulthén; Persson, Martina; Papadogiannakis, Nikos

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250983

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…24 Corpulence increases the length of the umbilical cord accounting to hyper coiling, which increases the risk of cord entanglement, clogging of the umbilical cord, and umbilical knot around the foetus, reducing the blood flow and resulting in placental insufficiency, which causes foetal growth restriction and stillbirth. 25 Increased BMI may be a result of inheritance or a sedentary lifestyle. In order to minimize stillbirth, pregnant women should maintain a good height to body weight ratio.…”

Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the impact of analgesic use during pregnancy on stillbirth

Girish¹,

Johns²,

Meghana³

et al. 2023

IJOGR

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Stillbirth is a tragic complication of the pregnancy which is associated with emotional, social and economic disturbances. Stillbirth can be a result of advanced maternal age, smoking, obesity, comorbid conditions, poor economic status, drug use during pregnancy, etc. Though evidences suggest a number of factors contributing to stillbirth, use of analgesics adds an extra burden for the occurrence of stillbirth. Every drug has its own set of pros and cons, which may directly or indirectly affect the foetal health. Drug exposure was associated with the two-fold increased risk of stillbirth in pregnancy. Due to lack of significant evidence suggesting the occurrence of stillbirth which is a result of analgesic use, control over the use of analgesics during pregnancy is not well established. Hence, in the current literature review, the risk of analgesic-induced stillbirth is highlighted. The misuse of analgesics as over-the-counter medicines is widely known. Painkillers are often used to self-medicate without the supervision of a medical practitioner. Some of these drugs tend to cross the placental barrier and can have hazardous effects on foetus. Many circumstances might drive a pregnant woman to use analgesics which includes pain associated with the adaptation of mother’s body to the change during pregnancy. Due to ease of access and lack of knowledge about foetal risk, analgesics are consumed irrationally leading to pregnancy-related complications such as stillbirth.

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Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the impact of analgesic use during pregnancy on stillbirth

Girish¹,

Johns²,

Meghana³

et al. 2023

IJOGR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Population based studies showed the risk with increasing maternal body mass index (BMI) to be 2 to 14 times higher than in normal weight women, depending on the severity of obesity and the gestational age of pregnancy. Women with the aforementioned characteristics must be closely monitored [17][18][19] .…”

Section: Pathology Of Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Intrauterine Deaths in The Third Trimester of Pregnancy. A holistic approach of case series and literature review

Stavros¹,

Papamattheou²,

Preka³

et al. 2022

HJOG

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Objectives: There is a plethora of references in the international bibliography regarding correlation of various risk factors and intrauterine death in the third trimester, such as gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, endometrial infections as well as endometrial growth restriction. The purpose of the present study is to analyze demographic and socio-economic factors to draw conclusions on improving health services for pregnant women. Methods: 41 cases of intrauterine deaths, after 28 weeks of pregnancy, were studied retrospectively from the archives of the 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Alexandra Hospital, during a 3-year period (2015-2018). The risk factors assessed, were the age, the race (White/Caucasian, Ethnic, Asian, and Black), the socio-economic status, smoking, body mass index (BMI), educational level, gestational age, monitoring (or lack) of the pregnancy, and pathology observed during the pregnancy though. Results: The average age of women was 31 years old, the average body mass index (BMI) was 27.4, while most of them were White-Caucasian (75,6 %) The majority of women had a low educational and socio-economic level, 68,3 % (28/41) and 61% (25/41) respectively. On top of that, 14/41 (34.1 %) were smokers, the mean age of gestation was the 32 weeks of pregnancy, and the fetal gender was female (63.41%). The gestational preeclampsia was found to be the most important factor for intrauterine death and most of the women had not monitoring during the pregnancy (61%). Conclusions: Interpretation of the results showed that low educational level and low socio-economic level were independent risk factors for endometrial third trimester deaths. On the contrary preeclampsia was the leading cause of death.

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“…It is one of the most important preventable causes of stillbirth [70]. A recent study suggests that umbilical cord abnormalities may account for approximately one-fourth of the effect of obesity on the risk of stillbirth at term [71]. Umbilical hyper coiling, velamentous and marginal cord insertion, thrombosis, and long cord have been described in obese women and all these complications are common causes of stillbirth [71].…”

Section: Umbilical Cord Alterations Related To Non-hypertensive Mater...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study suggests that umbilical cord abnormalities may account for approximately one-fourth of the effect of obesity on the risk of stillbirth at term [71]. Umbilical hyper coiling, velamentous and marginal cord insertion, thrombosis, and long cord have been described in obese women and all these complications are common causes of stillbirth [71]. Moreover, low umbilical cord blood pH has been found in obese pregnant women, proving that obesity can be an independent risk factor for fetal acidosis at birth increasing newborn morbimortality [72].…”

Section: Umbilical Cord Alterations Related To Non-hypertensive Mater...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering the Effects and Maternofoetal Implications of Vascular Disorders and the Umbilical Cord

et al. 2022

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The umbilical cord is a critical anatomical structure connecting the placenta with the foetus, fulfilling multiple functions during pregnancy and hence influencing foetal development, programming and survival. Histologically, the umbilical cord is composed of three blood vessels: two arteries and one vein, integrated in a mucous connective tissue (Wharton’s jelly) upholstered by a layer of amniotic coating. Vascular alterations in the umbilical cord or damage in this tissue because of other vascular disorders during pregnancy are worryingly related with detrimental maternofoetal consequences. In the present work, we will describe the main vascular alterations presented in the umbilical cord, both in the arteries (Single umbilical artery, hypoplastic umbilical artery or aneurysms in umbilical arteries) and the vein (Vascular thrombosis, aneurysms or varicose veins in the umbilical vein), together with other possible complications (Velamentous insertion, vasa praevia, hypercoiled or hypocoiled cord, angiomyxoma and haematomas). Likewise, the effect of the main obstetric vascular disorders like hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (specially pre-eclampsia) and chronic venous disease on the umbilical cord will also be summarized herein.

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Maternal obesity and stillbirth at term; placental pathology—A case control study

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

A review on the impact of analgesic use during pregnancy on stillbirth

A review on the impact of analgesic use during pregnancy on stillbirth

Risk Factors for Intrauterine Deaths in The Third Trimester of Pregnancy. A holistic approach of case series and literature review

Considering the Effects and Maternofoetal Implications of Vascular Disorders and the Umbilical Cord

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