Maternal Occupation and Pregnancy Outcome

Abstract

Few studies have addressed the effect of maternal employment on late pregnancy outcomes. The National Maternal and Infant Health Survey, a probability sample of U.S. livebirths, stillbirths, and infant deaths in 1988, provided an opportunity to evaluate mothers' jobs in relation to preterm delivery, very low birthweight ( < 1,500 gm), moderately low birthweight (1,500-2,499 gm), small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth, stillbirth, and infant death. We aggregated mothers' jobs, which were ascertained by mailed questionnaire or telephone interview, into categories for analysis. We considered jobs held at any time during pregnancy and jobs held during the fifth month of pregnancy. Relative to the referent group of clerks, textile workers had adjusted odds ratios of 1.5 or greater for all outcomes, with elevated risks also found sporadically for food service workers (preterm delivery, SGA birth, stillbirth) and electrical equipment operators (all outcomes except for still-birth and infant death). Janitors had elevated adjusted odds ratios of 2.0 or greater for preterm delivery and stillbirth. Relative to clerks, teachers and librarians tended to have reduced risks for adverse outcomes.

Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among Women of Childbearing Age: Results from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth

“…In doing so, we acknowledge that there are numerous approaches to studying the effects of socioeconomic status on health behaviors, and that these factors can have an impact not only the individual level, but also at the community and health system level (11). In this analysis, the relationship between race/ethnicity and overweight/obesity was similar whether we adjusted the model for educational attainment or household income.…”

Effect of magnitude and timing of maternal pregnancy blood lead (Pb) levels on birth outcomes

“…Of particular concern are lingering questions about how the level and timing of in utero Pb exposure might affect birth weight and length of gestation, and increase the risk of giving birth to a low birth weight (LBW), preterm, or small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant. Characterization of these effects is important for determining appropriate clinical care for Pb-exposed women and newborns and for development of preventive public health policy, given the well-known association between poor developmental trajectories and these birth outcomes [2][3][4] and the increased prevalence of these events among poor and other at-risk populations, 5,6 who are also known to be at increased risk for Pb exposure. [7][8][9] Previous epidemiologic studies examining the association between prenatal Pb exposure, birth weight, length of gestation, and intrauterine growth have differed in their conclusions.…”

Influencia de la situación laboral materna en recién nacidos pretérmino y/o con bajo peso

“…El área de conocimiento del primer firmante se adscribe con mayor frecuencia a pediatría-neonatología, con 8 (33,3%) estudios 19,21,22,24-28, seguidos de salud pública con 6 (25%) estudios 14,20,[29][30][31][32] y obstetricia-ginecología con 4 (19%) estudios 23,[33][34][35] .…”

“…En 12 (57%) estudios 14,19,20,28,29,31,34,36,37 se utiliza el diseño epidemiológico de tipo transversal (encuestas basadas en registros hospitalarios), en 6 (28%) estudios 23,27,30,32,33,35 22,27,29,30 se encuentra que las amas de casa tienen más riesgo de bajo peso. En el caso de los recién nacidos pretérmino, en 8 artículos 22,23,26,31,32,34,35,37,38 no se halla asociación y en 1 se describe también más riesgo en amas de casa 22 .…”

“…En el caso de los recién nacidos pretérmino, en 8 artículos 22,23,26,31,32,34,35,37,38 no se halla asociación y en 1 se describe también más riesgo en amas de casa 22 .…”