Maternal overnutrition impairs offspring's insulin sensitivity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Eitmann, Szimonetta; Németh, Dávid; Hegyi, Péter; Szakács, Zsolt; Garami, András; Balaskó, Márta; Solymár, Margit; Erőss, Bálint; Kovács, Enikő; Pétervári, Erika

doi:10.1111/mcn.13031

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Excessive GWG is positively associated with a higher risk of C-section, macrocephaly, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and postpartum weight retention, while inadequate GWG is also related to a higher risk of placental abruption, small gestational age, preterm birth, and low birth weight [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. The latest meta-analysis shows that higher GWG significantly increases the risk of insulin resistance, asthma, wheezing, autism spectrum disorders, atopic dermatitis, overweight, and obesity in offspring [ 48 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. Unfortunately, the current situation of GWG in pregnant women worldwide is still not optimistic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Body Mass Index, Gestational Weight Gain, and Risk of Cancer in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2023

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Background: Mounting evidence suggests that maternal obesity and gestational weight gain (GWG) may increase the risk of cancer in their offspring; however, results are inconsistent. The purpose of this research is to determine the association between maternal body mass index (BMI) and GWG and the risk of cancer in offspring through a systematic and comprehensive meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic literature search of several databases was conducted on 1 October 2022 to identify relevant studies. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. The overall risk estimates were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: Twenty-two studies with more than 8 million participants were included. An increased risk of total cancer was found in offspring whose mothers had a high GWG (odds ratio [OR]: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01–1.19; p: 0.040) but not in offspring whose mothers had a low GWG (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.96–1.17; p: 0.030), when compared with offspring whose mothers had a suitable GWG. In addition, no statistically significant association was found between maternal underweight (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.97–1.13; p: 0.630), overweight/obesity (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.99–1.16; p: 0.020), and risk of total cancer in offspring. Conclusions: Our study proposes evidence that maternal BMI and GWG may be associated with the risk of cancer in offspring, although statistical significance was found only for high GWG. Further well-designed research is required to clarify the potential relevance of maternal BMI and GWG on offspring cancer, especially for specific cancers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Body Mass Index, Gestational Weight Gain, and Risk of Cancer in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2023

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“…Surprisingly, at PD28, neither HF maternal feeding nor sex seemed to significantly impact the glycemia profiles during the ITT. This lack of effect at PD28 suggests potential adaptive responses or the normalization of insulin sensitivity in the offspring, possibly involving compensatory mechanisms that counteract the initial impact of maternal overnutrition [ 36 ]. By PD60, the male offspring, irrespective of maternal diet, displayed a significant increase in the area under the curve of the ipITT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overnutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation Induces Gender-Dependent Dysmetabolism in the Offspring Accompanied by Heightened Stress and Anxiety

Melo,

Capucho,

Sacramento

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes predispose the next generation to metabolic disturbances. Moreover, the lactation phase also stands as a critical phase for metabolic programming. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms originating these changes remain unclear. Here, we investigate the consequences of a maternal lipid-rich diet during gestation and lactation and its impact on metabolism and behavior in the offspring. Two experimental groups of Wistar female rats were used: a control group (NC) that was fed a standard diet during the gestation and lactation periods and an overnutrition group that was fed a high-fat diet (HF, 60% lipid-rich) during the same phases. The offspring were analyzed at postnatal days 21 and 28 and at 2 months old (PD21, PD28, and PD60) for their metabolic profiles (weight, fasting glycemia insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance) and euthanized for brain collection to evaluate metabolism and inflammation in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex using Western blot markers of synaptic dynamics. At 2 months old, behavioral tests for anxiety, stress, cognition, and food habits were conducted. We observed that the female offspring born from HF mothers exhibited increased weight gain and decreased glucose tolerance that attenuated with age. In the offspring males, weight gain increased at P21 and worsened with age, while glucose tolerance remained unchanged. The offspring of the HF mothers exhibited elevated levels of anxiety and stress during behavioral tests, displaying decreased predisposition for curiosity compared to the NC group. In addition, the offspring from mothers with HF showed increased food consumption and a lower tendency towards food-related aggression. We conclude that exposure to an HF diet during pregnancy and lactation induces dysmetabolism in the offspring and is accompanied by heightened stress and anxiety. There was sexual dimorphism in the metabolic traits but not behavioral phenotypes.

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“…In recent years, a number of human studies have highlighted the association between maternal prepregnancy BMI and BMI of the offspring, 17,18 as well as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, 2,19,20 suggesting that the time around conception may be a sensitive developmental window with long-lasting effects on the offspring. This has been further strengthened by studies in mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of antioxidants on cardiac function in adult offspring exposed to prenatal overnutrition

Zhang

Cao

Huo

et al. 2022

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Maternal overnutrition-induced fetal programming predisposes offspring to cardiovascular health issues throughout life. Understanding how these adverse cardiovascular effects are regulated at the maternal–fetal crosstalk will provide insight into the mechanisms of these cardiovascular diseases, which will help in further identifying potential targets for intervention. Here, we uncover a role of oxidative stress caused by prenatal overnutrition in governing cardiac damage. Mice exposed to maternal obesity showed remarkable pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (pmale < 0.001, Cohen’s dmale = 1.77; pfemale < 0.001, Cohen’s dfemale = 1.94), increased collagen content (pmale < 0.001, Cohen’s dmale = 2.13; pfemale < 0.001, Cohen’s dfemale = 2.71), and increased levels of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) (pmale < 0.001, Cohen’s dmale = 3.02; pfemale < 0.001, Cohen’s dfemale = 4.52), as well as left ventricular dysfunction in adulthood. To cope with increased oxidative stress in the myocardial tissue of offspring from obese mothers, we sought to decrease the effect of oxidative stress and prevent the development of these cardiovascular conditions with use of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine during pregnancy. As predicted, after treatment with the antioxidant, there was greatly mitigated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (pmale < 0.001, Cohen’s dmale = 1.31; pfemale < 0.001, Cohen’s dfemale = 0.82) and cardiac fibrosis, including decreased composition of collagen fibers (pmale < 0.01, Cohen’s dmale = 1.45; pfemale < 0.05, Cohen’s dfemale = 1.23) and reduced levels of TGF-β (pmale < 0.05, Cohen’s dmale = 1.83; pfemale < 0.01, Cohen’s dfemale = 3.81). We also observed improved left ventricle contractile function together with the alleviation of enhanced oxidative stress in the myocardial tissue of offspring. Collectively, these results established a crucial role of oxidative stress in prenatal overnutrition-associated ventricular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. Our findings provided an important target for intervention of cardiovascular disease in overnutrition-related fetal programming.

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Maternal overnutrition impairs offspring's insulin sensitivity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 69 publications

Maternal Body Mass Index, Gestational Weight Gain, and Risk of Cancer in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Maternal Body Mass Index, Gestational Weight Gain, and Risk of Cancer in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Overnutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation Induces Gender-Dependent Dysmetabolism in the Offspring Accompanied by Heightened Stress and Anxiety

Protective effect of antioxidants on cardiac function in adult offspring exposed to prenatal overnutrition

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