Maternal overprotection score of the Parental Bonding Instrument predicts the outcome of cognitive behavior therapy by trainees for depression

Abstract

Aims:The purpose of this study was to predict the outcome of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) by trainees for major depressive disorder (MDD) based on the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). The hypothesis was that the higher level of care and/or lower level of overprotection score would predict a favorable outcome of CBT by trainees. Methods:The subjects were all outpatients with MDD treated with CBT as a training case. All the subjects were asked to fill out the Japanese version of the PBI before commencing the course of psychotherapy. The difference between the first and the last Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score was used to represent the improvement of the intensity of depression by CBT. In order to predict improvement (the difference of the BDI scores) as the objective variable, multiple regression analysis was performed using maternal overprotection score and baseline BDI score as the explanatory variables.Results: The multiple regression model was significant (P = 0.0026) and partial regression coefficient for the maternal overprotection score and the baseline BDI was -0.73 (P = 0.0046) and 0.88 (P = 0.0092), respectively. Therefore, when a patient's maternal overprotection score of the PBI was lower, a better outcome of CBT was expected. Conclusion:The hypothesis was partially supported. This result would be useful in determining indications for CBT by trainees for patients with MDD.

Perceived parental over-protection in non clinical young adults is associated with affective vulnerability: A cross-sectional study

“…On the other hand, the opposite is also possible, namely that in clinical populations the role played by indifference and abuse may have often overshadowed the less obvious role played by over-protection, a role that here we contributed to highlight. Overall, our results, consistently with previous findings (e.g., Asano et al, 2013), suggest the importance of taking into account perceived parental overprotection as an adverse event of childhood in clinical reasoning and therapeutic management.…”

“…Like other forms of CM and developmental trauma, higher levels of perceived parental overprotection are demonstrated (Boucher et al, 2017;Lim and Barlas, 2019;Sar et al, 2020) to be related to relational problems, emotional and behavioral regulation difficulties and psychopathological symptoms (e.g., depression). Moreover, similar to other forms of CM higher levels of parental over-protection are correlated to less favorable outcomes of psychotherapy (Asano et al, 2013).…”

Parental bonding, adult attachment, and theory of mind: A developmental model of alexithymia and alcohol‐related risk

“…The absence of a functional bond with the primary caregiver during childhood may lead to an insecure attachment style through prolonged and consistent deprivation of appropriate care and empathy toward the child, and/or persistent and restrictive overprotection (Zafiropoulou, Avagianou, & Vassiliadou, ). Functional parental bonding does involve protection; however, the fundamental aspect of overprotection is its intrusiveness accompanied by a lack of understanding of the child or adolescent's autonomous needs (Asano et al, ).…”

Maternal overprotection predicts consistent improvement of self-compassion during mindfulness-based intervention and existential approach: a secondary analysis of the EXMIND study

“…Asano et al [ 19 ] showed that experiencing lower maternal overprotection in childhood was significantly associated with better responses to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for individuals with depression. They posited that reporting lower maternal overprotection indicates experiencing a less controlling maternal parenting style in childhood.…”