Maternal perception of neighborhood safety as a predictor of child weight status: The moderating effect of gender and assessment of potential mediators

Bacha, Jason; Appugliese, Danielle P.; Coleman, S. M.; Kaciroti, Niko; Bradley, Robert H.; Corwyn, Robert F.; Lumeng, Julie C.

doi:10.3109/17477160903055911

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Neighborhood safety was combined by NSCH into two categories: never/sometimes safe (no) and usually/always safe (yes). Neighborhood support, a construct capturing social cohesion, trust and reciprocity, 4,13,21 8 Taken together, this evidence suggests that age and sex may modify these associations. However, race/ ethnicity has not been investigated as a moderator of these associations.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…4 In contrast, other studies have found neighborhood safety to be associated with increased BMI z-score, overweight and obesity. 8,10,12 For instance, Bacha et al found that perceived neighborhood safety was a predictor of BMI z-scores among 5th graders. However, when sex was accounted for, this asspend more time outside, leading to increased physical activity and less indoor sedentary behaviors such as television viewing; and b) add norms to influence and control unhealthy behaviors (eg, poor diet) related to obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] For example, Singh et al, using data from the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), found that, compared with children living in neighborhoods with the highest social support, children aged 10 to 17 years living in neighborhoods with the lowest social support or lower levels of social cohesion and trust had higher odds of obesity Neighborhood Safety and Support and Childhood Obesity -Borrell et al 4 However, the same study did not find an association between neighborhood safety and obesity. 4 In contrast, other studies have found neighborhood safety to be associated with increased BMI z-score, overweight and obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of Neighborhood Safety and Neighborhood Support with Overweight and Obesity in US Children and Adolescents

2016

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Objectives:To examine the association of neighborhood safety and support with overweight and obesity and whether these associations vary with age, sex, and race/ ethnicity among children and adolescents.Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: United States.Main Outcome Measure: Childhood overweight and obesity. Methods:We used data from the 2011-12 National Survey of Children's Health, a representative sample of US children and adolescents, for the analyses (N=40,730). Using the age-sex adjusted growth chart, parent self-reported weight and height data were used to classify participants as overweight (those with body mass index [BMI] percentile [%] at or above the 85th%) and obese (those with BMI% at or above the 95th%). We used log-binomial regression to quantify the association of neighborhood safety and support with overweight and obesity among children and adolescents before and after adjusting for selected characteristics including physical activity and amount of time spent in sedentary activities.Results: Children and adolescents living in non-supportive neighborhoods had a 21% (95%CI: 1.10-1.33) higher probability of being obese than their peers living in supportive neighborhoods after controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, parent's education, poverty, asthma, physical activity and sedentary activities. Similarly, the probabilities of obesity associated with neighborhood safety and support were 1.30 (95%CI:1.08-156) and 1.18 (95%CI:1.01-1.38), respectively. However, these probabilities vary with race/ethnicity with higher probability being observed among non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics for overweight and non-Hispanic Whites for obesity. Conclusions:Living in unsafe and non-supportive neighborhoods may be associated with overweight and obesity among US children and adolescents. Longitudinal studies, accounting for race/ethnicity, are needed to examine the importance of social context where children and adolescents live. Ethn

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Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of Neighborhood Safety and Neighborhood Support with Overweight and Obesity in US Children and Adolescents

2016

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“…[11][12][13] Several studies have noted associations between crime and perceptions of unsafe neighborhoods and low levels of physical among adults and children, 14 with several studies noting associations only among women. 12,15 As women are more often the victims of sexual crimes, they may be more likely to modify their behaviors (i.e., limiting time outdoors engaging in physical activity) if they perceive their environment to be unsafe. 14 crime may be a pathway through which neighborhood crime impacts obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why the Neighborhood Social Environment Is Critical in Obesity Prevention

et al. 2016

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The continuing obesity epidemic in the USA calls for the examination of antecedents to the well-known risk factors of physical activity and diet. The neighborhood built environment has been extensively studied in relation to obesity noting an increased risk of development and prevalence of obesity in relation to numerous built environment characteristics (lack of green spaces, higher number of fast food restaurants, low walkability indices). The neighborhood social environment, however, has been less extensively studied but is perhaps an equally important component of the neighborhood environment. The neighborhood social environment, particularly constructs of social capital, collective efficacy, and crime, is associated with obesity among both adults and children. Several studies have identified physical activity as a potential pathway of the neighborhood social environment and obesity association. Further work on social networks and norms and residential segregation, as well as the examination of dietary behaviors and mental health as potential mediating pathways, is necessary. Given the existing evidence, intervening on the neighborhood social environment may prove to be an effective target for the prevention on obesity. Intervention studies that promote healthy behaviors and prevent obesity while addressing aspects of the neighborhood social environment are necessary to better identify targets for obesity prevention.

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“…5 These findings highlight the pressing need to identify environmental factors that contribute to the high prevalence rates (eg, 17% of youth aged 12-19 years) and to the increasing SES disparity in adolescent obesity. 6,7 Contextual, poverty-related indicators such as neighborhood deprivation 8,9 and lower perceived neighborhood safety 10,11 are positively associated with children' s BMI and weight status. Conversely, children living in high-income neighborhoods have greater access to physical activity resources than children in low-income areas.…”

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confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Influences on Girls’ Obesity Risk Across the Transition to Adolescence

et al. 2014

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The neighborhoods in which children live, play, and eat provide an environmental context that may influence obesity risk and ameliorate or exacerbate health disparities. The current study examines whether neighborhood characteristics predict obesity in a prospective cohort of girls. METHODS: Participants were 174 girls (aged 8–10 years at baseline), a subset from the Cohort Study of Young Girls’ Nutrition, Environment, and Transitions. Trained observers completed street audits within a 0.25-mile radius around each girl’s residence. Four scales (food and service retail, recreation, walkability, and physical disorder) were created from 40 observed neighborhood features. BMI was calculated from clinically measured height and weight. Obesity was defined as BMI-for-age ≥95%. Logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations were used to examine neighborhood influences on obesity risk over 4 years of follow-up, controlling for race/ethnicity, pubertal status, and baseline BMI. Fully adjusted models also controlled for household income, parent education, and a census tract measure of neighborhood socioeconomic status. RESULTS: A 1-SD increase on the food and service retail scale was associated with a 2.27 (95% confidence interval, 1.42 to 3.61; P < .001) increased odds of being obese. A 1-SD increase in physical disorder was associated with a 2.41 (95% confidence interval, 1.31 to 4.44; P = .005) increased odds of being obese. Other neighborhood scales were not associated with risk for obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Neighborhood food and retail environment and physical disorder around a girl’s home predict risk for obesity across the transition from late childhood to adolescence.

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Maternal perception of neighborhood safety as a predictor of child weight status: The moderating effect of gender and assessment of potential mediators

Cited by 30 publications

References 38 publications

Associations of Neighborhood Safety and Neighborhood Support with Overweight and Obesity in US Children and Adolescents

Associations of Neighborhood Safety and Neighborhood Support with Overweight and Obesity in US Children and Adolescents

Why the Neighborhood Social Environment Is Critical in Obesity Prevention

Neighborhood Influences on Girls’ Obesity Risk Across the Transition to Adolescence

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