Maternal plasma PUFA concentrations during pregnancy and childhood adiposity: the Generation R Study

Vidakovic, Aleksandra Jelena; Gishti, Olta; Voortman, Trudy; Felix, Janine F.; Williams, Michelle A.; Hofman, Albert; Demmelmair, Hans; Koletzko, Berthold; Tiemeier, Henning; Jaddoe, Vincent W.V.; Gaillard, Romy

doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.112847

Cited by 83 publications

(84 citation statements)

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“…Here, we confirm that those associations have a limited impact over time, since they are absent at age 6 years, as they were at age 4 months [7]. In contrast, previous studies have shown a correlation between maternal PUFA plasma levels during pregnancy and childhood adiposity (by DXA) at age 6 years [2, 4, 5]. Those discrepancies among studies may be partly attributable to differences in the inclusion criteria (i.e., inclusion of children born preterm or small for gestational age) or to differences in PUFA evaluation methods; for example, previous studies have analyzed plasma glycerophospholipids [2, 4, 5], whereas here, we assessed PUFA erythrocyte content, which is considered to be the gold standard biomarker for PUFA consumption, providing information of the previous months’ intake [12].…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Body Composition and Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids at Age 6 Years: A Longitudinal Pilot Study

et al. 2018

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Maternal polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status during pregnancy may influence birth outcomes and offspring adiposity during childhood. Cord blood PUFA levels associate positively with maternal PUFA and negatively with the newborn’s abdominal adiposity. However, longitudinal, prospective studies consistently evaluating maternal and cord blood and PUFA levels in childhood and their association with the child’s body composition are so far lacking. In a population of 16 apparently healthy children born appropriate for gestational age and followed longitudinally since birth, we assessed circulating PUFA (by gas chromatography) in maternal, cord, and peripheral blood at age 6 years and studied their correlation with body composition (by absorptiometry) and endocrine-metabolic variables at age 6 years. No associations were found among parameters of body composition and endocrine-metabolic variables at age 6 years and maternal, cord blood or circulating PUFA in peripheral blood. Maternal levels of n-6 linoleic acid, total n-6, and the ratio of n-6:n-3 correlated with their corresponding PUFA levels at age 6 years. In conclusion, in this pilot study, maternal, cord blood, and children’s circulating PUFA do not appear to have an impact on body composition and endocrine-metabolic status at the age of 6 years. The close association between maternal PUFA and offspring PUFA at that age may reflect a similarity in nutritional habits in the mother and child.

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Section: Discussion/conclusionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Body Composition and Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids at Age 6 Years: A Longitudinal Pilot Study

et al. 2018

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“…In the Generation R study, similar results were observed with maternal n-3 and n-6 PUFA concentrations in plasma at mid-pregnancy for total body fat mass and preperitoneal fat in infants at 6 years of age (Vidakovic et al, 2016). With regards to the period of lactation, only few studies have investigated the relation between breast milk PUFA concentrations and the development of adiposity in children who were breastfed.…”

Section: Maternal Pufa Intake Obesity and Allergic Diseases 41 Obesitysupporting

confidence: 59%

Impact of maternal dietary lipids on human health

Guesnet¹,

Marmonier²,

Boyer³

et al. 2018

OCL

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-During the perinatal period, maternal dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ensure optimal infant development. Observational studies on cognitive and visual development reported that a specific deficit intake in n-3 PUFA in pregnant women was associated with a reduction in visual acuity in 2-months-old infants. Moreover, a low docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content associated with a high level of n-6 PUFA in breast milk was negatively associated with the degree of cognitive development in 6-years-old children. As regards to adipose tissue development, only observational human data agree with the hypothesis that excessive dietary intakes of n-6 PUFA compared with n-3 PUFA could promote the development of adipose tissue and obesity. With regard to immune system development, observational and clinical studies suggest that long-chain n-3 PUFA consumption during pregnancy may prevent the incidence of allergic diseases in children. Lastly, specific association between the maternal ingestion of food groups and the infant health has been studied mainly on allergic outcomes (fish, dairy products). Nutritional recommendations for PUFA intake in pregnant and lactating women were mainly based on brain development data, corresponding to breast milk levels of 10% of total fatty acids for linoleic acid, 1.5% for a-linolenic acid and 0.4% for DHA.Keywords: allergic diseases / dairy products / breast milk / brain development / maternal nutrition / obesity / polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) Résumé -Nutrition lipidique périnatale et santé de l'Homme. L'apport en acides gras polyinsaturés (AGPI) de l'alimentation maternelle participe au développement optimal du nourrisson et de l'enfant. Les études d'observation rapportent qu'un déficit spécifique d'apport alimentaire en AGPI n-3 pendant la grossesse est associé à une réduction du niveau d'acuité visuelle chez l'enfant à l'âge de 2 mois, et que le développement cognitif des enfants à l'âge de 6 ans est associé négativement avec une teneur faible en AGPI n-3 et élevée en AGPI n-6 dans le lait maternel. Elles montrent également qu'un déséquilibre du métabolisme maternel des AGPI en faveur de celui de la série n-6 par rapport aux n-3, favorise le développement du tissu adipeux et de l'obésité chez le jeune. Pour le développement du système immunitaire, les études d'observation et cliniques suggèrent que la consommation d'AGPI n-3 à longue chaîne pendant la grossesse peut prévenir l'incidence des maladies allergiques de l'enfant. Des données sont également disponibles concernant des classes d'aliments (poisson, produits laitiers) et l'incidence des manifestations allergiques. Les recommandations nutritionnelles destinées à la femme enceinte et allaitante s'appuient sur les données du développement cérébral, et correspondent dans le lait maternel à des teneurs d'environ 10 % des acides gras totaux pour l'acide linoléique, 1,5 % pour l'acide a-linolénique et 0,4 % pour le DHA.

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“…C20:4n-6 acts as precursor for growth-related prostaglandins [48]. In a recent study, lower maternal n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations and higher n-6 PUFA concentrations during pregnancy were associated with higher body fat and abdominal fat in children of a large population-based, prospective cohort study [49]. High dietary n-6 fatty acid intakes and low n-3 intakes during pregnancy were reported as a risk indicator of later childhood obesity [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cord Blood Metabolome Is Highly Associated with Birth Weight, but Less Predictive for Later Weight Development

Hellmuth

Uhl²,

Standl³

et al. 2017

Obes Facts

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Background/Aims: Fetal metabolism may be changed by the exposure to maternal factors, and the route to obesity may already set in utero. Cord blood metabolites might predict growth patterns and later obesity. We aimed to characterize associations of cord blood with birth weight, postnatal weight gain, and BMI in adolescence. Methods: Over 700 cord blood samples were collected from infants participating in the German birth cohort study LISAplus. Glycerophospholipid fatty acids (GPL-FA), polar lipids, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and amino acids were analyzed with a targeted, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based metabolomics platform. Cord blood metabolites were related to growth factors by linear regression models adjusted for confounding variables. Results: Cord blood metabolites were highly associated with birth weight. Lysophosphatidylcholines C16:1, C18:1, C20:3, C18:2, C20:4, C14:0, C16:0, C18:3, GPL-FA C20:3n-9, and GPL-FA C22:5n-6 were positively related to birth weight, while higher cord blood concentrations of NEFA C22:6, NEFA C20:5, GPL-FA C18:3n-3, and PCe C38:0 were associated with lower birth weight. Postnatal weight gain and BMI z-scores in adolescents were not significantly associated with cord blood metabolites after adjustment for multiple testing. Conclusion: Potential long-term programming effects of the intrauterine environment and metabolism on later health cannot be predicted with profiling of the cord blood metabolome.

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Maternal plasma PUFA concentrations during pregnancy and childhood adiposity: the Generation R Study

Cited by 83 publications

References 50 publications

Body Composition and Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids at Age 6 Years: A Longitudinal Pilot Study

Body Composition and Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids at Age 6 Years: A Longitudinal Pilot Study

Impact of maternal dietary lipids on human health

Cord Blood Metabolome Is Highly Associated with Birth Weight, but Less Predictive for Later Weight Development

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