Maternal Responsiveness Protects Exuberant Toddlers From Experiencing Behavior Problems in Kindergarten

Abstract

Research Findings Exuberant temperament, characterized by high approach and positive affect, is linked to socioemotional outcomes including risk for externalizing symptoms across development. Externalizing problems interfere with children’s school readiness and lead to disruptive behavior in the classroom. While some moderating factors help identify which exuberant children are at risk and in which contexts they are at risk, few studies have identified early moderators that protect against maladjustment when children enter school. In the current study, we examined exuberant temperament in 124 toddlers and classroom behavior problems reported by kindergarten teachers. We also assessed the impact of maternal responsiveness at 24 months on the relation between exuberance and classroom behavior problems. As hypothesized, we found that higher exuberance predicted more behavior problems. Additionally, maternal responsiveness moderated this association such that high responsiveness protected exuberant children from classroom behavior problems. Practice or Policy These results expand our understanding of socioemotional risks for exuberant children and how these risks influence school readiness. We also find that maternal responsiveness during toddlerhood mitigates these risks, and our findings suggest that interventions for exuberant children at risk for behavior problems or poor school readiness should target parental responsiveness when children are toddlers.

Understanding how child temperament, negative parenting, and dyadic parent–child behavioral variability interact to influence externalizing problems

“…NP may also hinder the development of children's self‐regulation by disrupting safety, security, and consistency in the parent–child relationship (Smith et al., 2014). Previous research has suggested that exuberant children may be more sensitive to NP (McDoniel & Buss, 2018; Sturge‐Apple et al., 2012) and thus experience more maladaptive outcomes when experiencing NP. Exuberant behaviors tend to be categorized as “acting out” and require greater parental attention compared to the more internalized behaviors of inhibited children (Miner & Clarke‐Stewart, 2008).…”

Self-Determination Theory as a Theoretical Framework for a Responsive Approach to Child Feeding

“…56 It was proposed that avoidant eating could be conceptualized as a primarily relational issue, 57 or, at a minimum, it is embedded within the inescapable bidirectional relationship between child eating behaviors and parental feeding practices. 58 An emphasis on the parent−child relationship fits with contemporary thinking about the vital role of attunement and responsivity in the parenting literature 59 and refutes interpretations that locate feeding challenges exclusively in the child or define them as noncompliant.…”