Maternal serum total cortisol levels in normal and pathologic pregnancies

Phocas, I.; Sarandakou, Angeliki; Rizos, D.

doi:10.1016/0020-7292(90)90173-i

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The varied times of data collections may also explain the inconsistent findings. Some studies used blood (Erickson et al, 2001;Phocas et al, 1990;Hobel et al, 1999;Mazor et al, 1994Mazor et al, , 1996Ruiz et al, 2001) to measure the cortisol level whereas a few studies measured cortisol in urine (Diego et al, 2009;Field et al, 2004Field et al, , 2006 and one study used hair to measure cortisol (Kramer, et al, 2009) and two studies used saliva (Harville et al; Obel et al). Cortisol levels can be detected in blood, urine, and saliva.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, a number of researches examined the relationship between stress, depression and preterm birth without considering cortisol (Copper et al, 1996;Dole et al, 2003;Jesse, Swanson, Newton, & Morrow, 2009;Jesse, Seaver, & Wallace, 2003;Wadhwa, Culhane, Vitgina, Brave et al, 2001;Khashan et al, 2009;Whitehead et al, 2002;Zhu et al, 2010). Two studies examined the relationship between stress and cortisol only (Harville et al, 2009;Obel et al, 2004) while five studies only explored the relationship between cortisol and preterm birth (Campbell, Challis, DaSilva, & Bocking, 2005;Phocas, Sarandakou, & Rizos, 1990;Mazor et al, 1994Mazor et al, , 1996Sandman et al, 2006). Of the 22 articles seven determined the relationship between stress or depression, cortisol and preterm birth together at the same time (Diego et al, 2009;Erickson et al, 2001;Field et al, 2004Field et al, , 2006Hobel et al, 1999;Kramer et al, 2009;Shaikh et al, 2011).…”

Section: Overview Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of these studies suggested that women with higher cortisol levels in pregnancy were at greater risk of preterm birth. Phocas et al (1990) measured maternal cortisol levels in 204 pregnant women at different gestational ages. The blood cortisol samples were obtained between 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. Cortisol gradually increased from 6 weeks to 40 weeks of pregnancy and a sharp rise was noted two weeks before the onset of labor in normal pregnancy.…”

Section: Relationship Between Cortisol and Preterm Birthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relationship between Prenatal Stress, Depression, Cortisol and Preterm Birth: A Review

Shaikh¹,

Premji²,

Khowaja³

et al. 2013

OJD

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Preterm birth is one of the most common adverse pregnancy outcomes. Maternal risk factors such as stress and depression have been associated with preterm birth. Preterm infants are at a higher risk of poor growth and neuro developmental outcomes. The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between maternal stress, depression, cortisol level, and preterm birth. Preterm birth is one of the most common adverse pregnancy outcomes with a global prevalence of 9.6% and one of the major contributors to infant mortality and morbidity. The association between psychosocial stress and preterm birth, although examined for more than 25 years, has not yet been fully established. A systemic review was conducted in which research studies and review articles from 1970 to 2012, published in English, focusing on human subjects, and addressing the relationship between stress, depression, cortisol and preterm birth were included in this review. The studies examining the relationship between stress, cortisol levels and preterm birth have shown inconsistent findings that may be explained by varied study designs, differences in defining and measuring stress, timing of stress measurement, sample characteristics, and study designs. The relationship between stress, cortisol levels and preterm birth may be multifactorial and complex with premature birth being the final common pathway. A longitudinal cohort study, with a large sample size and multiple measures of stress, depression, and cortisol level, as well as a measure of anxiety and other stress hormone biomarkers may add new knowledge and enhance our understanding about the contribution of psychosocial stress to preterm birth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relationship Between Cortisol and Preterm Birthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relationship between Prenatal Stress, Depression, Cortisol and Preterm Birth: A Review

Shaikh¹,

Premji²,

Khowaja³

et al. 2013

OJD

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“…Last, animal studies are typically designed to expose the foetus to antenatal steroids during a normal gestation progressing to an undisturbed normal term delivery. In contrast, preterm infants are exposed to antenatal steroids during threatened preterm labour, a time of heightened maternal and foetal stress with high levels of endogenous maternal and foetal glucocorticoids, peaking during preterm delivery (23,24). Exogenous steroids given on top of already high levels of endogenous glucocorticoids may not produce additional long-term effects on the HPA axis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single course of antenatal steroids did not alter cortisol in preterm infants up to 18 months

et al. 2012

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Aims To determine whether a single course of antenatal dexamethasone alters resting cortisol at 3, 8 and 18 months corrected age in preterm infants. Methods Preterm infants born ≤32 weeks gestational age were recruited during 2001–2004 from a single neonatal intensive care unit. Resting salivary cortisol was collected at least once at 3, 8 and 18 months corrected age in a longitudinal cohort. A mixed-effects repeated measures analysis was used to accommodate cases with less than complete follow-up. Results One hundred and thirty three infants were included in the present study, contributing 266 cortisol samples. Of these, 107 infants had been exposed to a single course of antenatal dexamethasone and 26 not exposed to antenatal steroids. There was no significant main effect of antenatal steroids on resting cortisol at any age. This result was not altered after adjusting for gestational age at birth, neonatal cumulative pain, morphine exposure, mechanical ventilation days and post-natal steroid exposure. Conclusions No effect of a single course of dexamethasone on resting salivary cortisol, an indicator of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, was found in infancy up to 18 months corrected age in infants born very preterm.

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“…Under a state of chronic stress, the regulatory mechanisms of the stress response fail, leading to changes in cortisol levels 9. Some researchers suggest higher levels of acute stress are associated with higher levels of cortisol, a biological marker of stress, in pregnant women13–15 and that elevated maternal cortisol levels are related to preterm birth 16–18. A recent review of 15 studies examining the relationship between cortisol and PTB revealed that the majority of studies reported a relationship between maternal cortisol levels and PTB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family cohesion, acculturation, maternal cortisol, and preterm birth in Mexican-American women

Ruiz

Pickler²,

Marti³

et al. 2013

IJWH

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ObjectiveTo examine the potential moderating effects of family cohesion and acculturation on the physiological stress response (cortisol) as a predictor of preterm birth (PTB) in pregnant Mexican-American women.MethodsThe sample included 470 participants; 33 had preterm births. All participants were self-identified as Mexican-American. In this cross-sectional study, family cohesion was measured by a self-report questionnaire. Acculturation was measured by self-report questionnaire as well as by years in the United States and country of birth. Stress was measured by serum cortisol. All measures were obtained at 22–24 weeks gestation. Additional data including history of PTB were obtained from the health record. Data analysis was primarily conducted using logistic regression.ResultsThe relationship between stress and PTB was predicted by family cohesion (estimate/ standard error [E/SE] = −2.46, P = 0.014) and acculturation (E/SE = 2.56, P = 0.011). In addition, there was an interaction between family cohesion and history of previous PTB (E/SE = −2.12, P = 0.035).ConclusionResults indicate that the impact of cortisol on PTB is predicted by acculturation and family cohesion such that higher levels of cortisol in conjunction with higher levels of acculturation and lower levels of family cohesion are associated with increased risk of PTB. In addition, low family cohesion in combination with a history of PTB was associated with higher levels of PTB. Assessment of family cohesion, including problem solving, adherence to family decisions, family shared space, and activity, should be included as part of prenatal assessment for risk of PTB. Subsequently, interventions that focus on improving the individual’s response to an imbalance in family functioning are needed. In addition, prenatal assessment of level of acculturation may also identify those who are at risk for PTB.

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Maternal serum total cortisol levels in normal and pathologic pregnancies

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

The Relationship between Prenatal Stress, Depression, Cortisol and Preterm Birth: A Review

The Relationship between Prenatal Stress, Depression, Cortisol and Preterm Birth: A Review

Single course of antenatal steroids did not alter cortisol in preterm infants up to 18 months

Family cohesion, acculturation, maternal cortisol, and preterm birth in Mexican-American women

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