Maternal smoking during pregnancy and intellectual performance in young adult Swedish male offspring

Lundberg, Frida E.; Cnattingius, Sven; D’Onofrio, Brian M.; Altman, Daniel; Lambe, Mats; Hultman, Christina M.; Iliadou, Anastasia

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01073.x

Cited by 62 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Both smoking and suicidal acts are associated with family dysfunction, other life-style habits, psychological problems and psychiatric diseases not requiring in-patient care [3,14,29,30]. Similar to the present findings, prenatal smoking exposure has recently been associated with increased risks of both attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and low intellectual performance in cohort analyses, but not in analysis within sibling pairs, suggesting underlying familial confounding [31,32].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and risks of suicidal acts in young offspring

et al. 2011

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Word count (excluding title page, abstract, references and tables): 2,976. 2 AbstractObstetric and neonatal complications have been associated with completed and attempted suicide (suicidal acts) in young offspring. Maternal smoking is one of the most important risk factors for obstetric complications, but the association between prenatal smoking exposure and offspring risk of suicidal acts is unknown.We performed a population-based study of 1 449,333 single births born in Sweden between 1983 and 1996, derived from linked registry data. Maternal smoking and risks of suicidal acts in offspring were estimated using hazard ratios, derived from proportional-hazard models, controlling for potential confounding of parental socio-demographic factors and psychiatric care in first degree relatives. To control for unmeasured familial confounding, a matched case-control analysis of suicidal acts was performed within sibling pairs discordant for prenatal smoking exposure.In the cohort analysis, the adjusted hazard ratio for completed suicide among offspring to women smoking 1-9 cigarettes and at least 10 cigarettes per day were 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29-2.16, and 1.54, 95% CI, 1.12-2.10. For suicidal acts, corresponding hazard ratios were 1.28, 95% CI 1.21-1.35 and 1.48, 95% CI 1.39-1.57, respectively. However, in sibling pairs discordant for suicidal acts and prenatal smoking exposure, we found no evidence that prenatal smoking exposure increased the risk of suicidal acts. We conclude that the association between prenatal smoking exposure and offspring risk of suicidal acts is probably confounded by unmeasured familial factors.Word count: 230

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and risks of suicidal acts in young offspring

et al. 2011

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“…the strength of all relationships decreased substantially when potentially confounding factors were included in the model. These findings are in line with a number of recent quasi-experimental studies, comparing siblings differentially exposed to MSP, concluding that familial background factors and not the specific exposure to MSP account for the associations between MSP and offspring behavioral outcomes [30][31][32][33] . The fact that a substantial number of studies [3,[34][35][36][37] , including a recent, welldesigned and powered birth cohort study in Finland [5] , concluded that MSP increases the risk for offspring behavioral problems, is most likely explained by the fact that these studies did not adequately address the issue of confounding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prenatal Smoking Exposure and the Risk of Behavioral Problems and Substance Use in Adolescence: the TRAILS Study

Monshouwer

Huizink²,

Harakeh

et al. 2011

Eur Addict Res

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Aims: To study the prospective relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSP) and behavioral problems, heavy alcohol use, daily smoking, and ever use of cannabis in the offspring, and to assess the role of confounding and mediating factors in a systematic way. Methods: Population-based cohort study of 2,230 respondents, starting in 2001 when respondents were around the age of 11 years, and two follow-up measurements at intervals of about 2.5 years (response rates of 96.0 and 81.4%). Results: Almost one third of the respondents’ mothers had smoked tobacco during pregnancy. These respondents were at an increased risk for all outcomes except internalizing problems (significant odds ratios ranged from 1.40 to 2.97). The successive models showed that the potential confounding factors reduced the strength of all relationships. In the full model, the strongest relationship was found for mothers who smoked more than 10 cigarettes a day during pregnancy and daily smoking in early adolescence (odds ratio: 1.56), but none of the relationships were statistically significant. Conclusions: MSP is a marker for future behavioral outcomes in the offspring, but reducing the prevalence of MSP is unlikely to make a meaningful contribution to the prevention of these problems in adolescents.

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“…They stay in symbiotic relationship much longer than Nature has it (that is 4, 41/2 years of age). What later on happens is that they stay in partnerships (intimate or business) much longer than healthy THE CONTRIBUTION OF PRENATAL PSYCHOLOGY TO OUR UNDERSTANDING 702 "working hard to save and/or support the relationship or situation providing, resolving doing what it takes to make a relationship stay so they can survive"; (2) They present unresolved issues with the father; (3) They have low stress tolerance; (4) They present learning challenges, lower intellectual performance (Lundberg et al, 2009) …”

Section: Smoking and Fetal Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Prenatal Psychology to Our Understanding about Prenatal Dynamics and Fetal Behaviour

Gouni¹,

Sekulić²,

Topalidou³

2016

JPR

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Research in the prenatal human experience has very clearly shown that whatever mother experiences all her life until conception and even more impactfully during conception and pregnancy passes down to the child she is pregnant with.Modern Biology has shown that environmental information and the perception that governs this environment gets encoded in the cell consciousness. A simple thought or act can upset or stabilize the whole planet or... fetal existence.Subtle differences in the motivation of our choices may have the power to bring about radically different conditions in the process of events. A simple thought of fear can lead to a trauma, a disease, a holocaust while a simple thought of compassion can take humanity out of the platonic cave into the healing light of creation. Is there anything we can do?Can we learn from what we already know about prenatal dynamics and move on to design and implement salutogenic processes for the benefit of all involved? The paper will attempt to show the most important findings about prenatal dynamics and fetal existence and how they are connected with our postnatal health and wellbeing from the times of Freud and especially his students who took psychoanalysis from the childhood to birth experience and then to pregnancy and conception and beyond.

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Maternal smoking during pregnancy and intellectual performance in young adult Swedish male offspring

Cited by 62 publications

References 32 publications

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and risks of suicidal acts in young offspring

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and risks of suicidal acts in young offspring

Prenatal Smoking Exposure and the Risk of Behavioral Problems and Substance Use in Adolescence: the TRAILS Study

The Contribution of Prenatal Psychology to Our Understanding about Prenatal Dynamics and Fetal Behaviour

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