Maternal Stress, Pregnancy Diseases and Child Hyperactivity and Attention Deficit (ADHD)

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a term used to describe a constellation of inappropriate levels of inattention and impulsivity. The history of name changes from minimal brain syndrome, to hyperkinetic syndrome, to what is now known as ADHD, reflects the influence of neurology, pediatrics, and psychiatry. This "evolutionary" process has been replete with controversy stemming from the diverse views of broad disciplines that have attempted to define its range, scope, and treatment [1]. According to Sell-Salazar [2]. There are two specific syndromes: a) Attention deficit disorder, without hyperactivity; b) A more complex syndrome, with hyperactivity, and traits of impulsivity, accompanied by attention deficit disorder.The etiology of this syndrome is still unclear, but there has been some hypothesis about hypo perfused areas in the frontal lobe, in some patients where PET has been available. There has been also some response to stimulants; which leads to the conclusion that there is some relation with neurotransmitters, like noradrenaline and dopamine, as a determinant factor in the origin of this process. The associated comorbidity most frequently associated with ADHD are: Tourette syndrome, generalized development disorders, learning disorders, coordination development disorders, behavioral disorders, anxiety disorders, affective disorders and mental retardation. Montiel Nava [3] reported a clinical presentation of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a function of the gender. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

“…As we have dreported in a previous publication [14,15] structural neural network abnormalities include fronto-parietotemporal, fronto-cerebellar and even fronto-limbic networks.…”

Section: Brain Microcircuit Alteration In Adhdmentioning

confidence: 75%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Subgroups of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD). A Preliminary Clinical Descriptive Study

Oj¹

2019

“…According to Gottlieb et al [5] sleepdisordered breathing (SDB), hyperactivity and inattention are common with aggressiveness and daytime sleepiness symptoms in 5-year-old children and are associated with an increased risk of daytime sleepiness and with problem behaviors suggestive of ADHD. Maternal prenatal anxiety is an important risk factor for altered child neurodevelopment but there is uncertainty concerning the biological mechanisms involved and sources of individual differences in children's responses Kieran et al [6,7]. In the present study we examined from the clinical point of view the learning and memory deficits in infant patients, 3 to 12 years-old, with hyperactivity and attention deficit (ADHD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Deficit of Learning and Memory in Children with Hiperactivity and Attention deficit (ADHD). A Clinical Descriptive and Qualitative Study

Castejón¹

2019

Self Cite

We have clinically examined 40 patients with ADHD ranging from 3 to 12 years-old, exhibiting attention, learning and memory deficit. During mother pregnancy we found urinary infections, edema of lower limbs, arterial hypertension, diabetes, eclampsia and placental pathology. The child social relationships and academic performance at the school and home was explored by means of dialogs with the mothers or relatives, teacher information and psych pedagogical study. A previous psychological study of patients was carried out at private and public psychological centers of Maracaibo City in Venezuela. The infant patients showed hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention, learning and memory deficit, neurosensory sensory processing difficulties, such as hypoacusis and strabismus, inappropriate behavioral impairment, such as emotional instability, anxiety, sleep disorders and auto and heteroaggression. Hyperactivity included an excessive rate of speech and motor activity or motor restlessness and being easily distracted.

“…Laboratory studies repeatedly demonstrate that autistic individuals experience difficulties in recognizing and understanding the emotional expressions of others and naturalistic observations show that they use such expressions infrequently and inappropriately to regulate social exchanges [9]. In a previous work we have reported the maternal stress and the relationship with hyperactivity and attention deficit (ADHD) in ASD patients [10]. In the present study we have carried out a clinical and descriptive study of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and the involved risk factors and comorbidities in a developing country facing a severe and critical sociopolitical situation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in a Developing country. A Clinical and Descriptive Study of 75 Infant and Young Patients

Galindez

et al. 2019

Self Cite

Seventy five (75) infant patients, from 3-15 years old, clinically diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder exhibited disconnected brain with social isolation (80%), hyperconnected children (5%), creative child (Asperger syndrome) (10%), stereotyped movements of hands and body trunk (10%), hyperactivity and attention deficit (10%), language disorders such as delay in the onset of language or early vocalization, regressive changes of language, mutism, gestual language, escatologic language, digital language (5%), learning and memory deficit (10%), psychomotor delay (5%), behavioral changes, such as aggresivity and autoagressivity (10%), tactile hypersensitivity, crisis of cry (1%), separation anxiety (1%), mood disorders such as anxiety and depression (3%), photofobia (1%), loss of weight, (1%), routinised patterns of though and fantastic thoughts (2%).The following associated comorbidities: perinatal hypoxia, low weight at birth, behavioral abnormities, anxiety, auto-and heteroagressivity, hyperphagia, learning and hearing disorders, mainly hyperacusia, social isolation, cognitive deficit, sleeping disorders and parenteral abuse of child. Some non-nervous system comorbidities, such as allergic reaction, bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis also were found. Some locomotor abnormalities as genus valgo and flat feet were also observed. The mothers exhibited some of the followings diseases during pregnancy: urinary infections, behavioral disturbances like anxiety, fobias, hyperactivity, toxoplasmosis and Zika virus infections, hyperemesis, oligohydramnios and lost of amniotic fluid, twin pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, aging placenta, cesarean surgery, high blood pressure, maternal sepsis, diabetes, hepatic coma, hypotiroidism, viral hepatitis, obesity, and social parenteral problems, such as excessive work, low economy and poor social conditions, environmental contamination and labor and conjugal stress.