Maternal supplementation with <i>Bacillus altitudinis</i> spores improves porcine offspring growth performance and carcass weight

Crespo-Piazuelo, Daniel; Gardiner, Gillian E.; Ranjitkar, Samir; Bouwhuis, M. A.; Ham, Rebecca; Phelan, John P.; Marsh, Alan J.; Lawlor, Peadar G.

doi:10.1017/s0007114521001203

Cited by 19 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Moreover, its ability of Zn biosorption has been mentioned in the field of remediation purposes ( 130 ). Crespo-Piazuelo et al found that supplementation of B. altitudinis spores improves porcine offspring growth performance ( 131 ). The most likely explanation is the stimulation of the immune system; however, the mechanism is not fully understood yet ( 93 , 131 ).…”

Section: Weaning Of Piglets and Diarrhea Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Zinc Nanoparticles for the Intestinal Microbiome of Weaned Piglets

et al. 2022

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The scientific community is closely monitoring the replacement of antibiotics with doses of ZnO in weaned piglets. Since 2022, the use of zinc in medical doses has been banned in the European Union. Therefore, pig farmers are looking for other solutions. Some studies have suggested that zinc nanoparticles might replace ZnO for the prevention of diarrhea in weaning piglets. Like ZnO, zinc nanoparticles are effective against pathogenic microorganisms, e.g., Enterobacteriaceae family in vitro and in vivo. However, the effect on probiotic Lactobacillaceae appears to differ for ZnO and zinc nanoparticles. While ZnO increases their numbers, zinc nanoparticles act in the opposite way. These phenomena have been also confirmed by in vitro studies that reported a strong antimicrobial effect of zinc nanoparticles against Lactobacillales order. Contradictory evidence makes this topic still controversial, however. In addition, zinc nanoparticles vary in their morphology and properties based on the method of their synthesis. This makes it difficult to understand the effect of zinc nanoparticles on the intestinal microbiome. This review is aimed at clarifying many circumstances that may affect the action of nanoparticles on the weaning piglets' microbiome, including a comprehensive overview of the zinc nanoparticles in vitro effects on bacterial species occurring in the digestive tract of weaned piglets.

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Section: Weaning Of Piglets and Diarrhea Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Zinc Nanoparticles for the Intestinal Microbiome of Weaned Piglets

et al. 2022

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“…The use of probiotics has emerged as a promising strategy to improve the reproductive performance of sows by increasing feed consumption along with lactation, reducing fat mobilization, promoting milk production, and increasing litter weight ( Alexopoulos et al, 2004 ; Böhmer et al, 2006 ; Kritas et al, 2015 ; Hayakawa et al, 2016 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ). Moreover, several studies have also shown that when probiotics are administered to sows, positive effects can be also seen in the performance of piglets, with increases in rates of growth ( Kritas et al, 2015 ; Betancur et al, 2021 ; Crespo-Piazuelo et al, 2021 ) and reduction in the clinical signs of post-weaning diarrhea ( Alexopoulos et al, 2004 ; Taras et al, 2005 ; Taras et al, 2006 ; Betancur et al, 2021 ). Although the mechanisms of action have not yet been fully elucidated, these benefits could have been derived from a beneficial modulation of the intestinal microbiota of nursing piglets by their mothers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential effect of twoBacillusprobiotic strains on performance and fecal microbiota of breeding sows and their piglets

Saladrigas-García

Solà-Oriol

López-Vergé

et al. 2022

Journal of Animal Science

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The effect of long-term administration of two Bacillus strains was tested on 98 breeding sows and their litters allotted into three treatments: a control group (CON); supplemented with 5x10 8 cfu/kg B. subtilis – 541 (BSU); or with 5x10 8 cfu/kg B. amyloliquefaciens – 516 (BAM). Reproductive and performance variables were recorded over three cycles with 56 dams remaining through the third lactation. Blood and fecal samples were taken longitudinally from 12 sows per treatment on days 8 and 21 of the third lactation and milk samples were taken on day 21. Feces from one piglet per litter was sampled on days 21 and 33 and jejunal gene expression was assessed in two piglets on day 21. Changes in fecal microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) and gene expression by Open-Array technology. Metabolomic responses were analyzed in milk by NMR and Ig-G and Ig-A specific antibodies were determined by ELISA. No significant differences were observed on feed intake, body weight, or fat mobilization of the sows. However, a significant increase in the total number of piglets born was observed in supplemented sows. Whereas the increase was seen from the first cycle with BAM, improvements were not seen with BSU until the third cycle. BAM also increased the number of born-alive and weaned piglets. NMR analysis showed an impact of BAM on milk composition. No differences were found in milk or blood immunoglobulins. A different structure of the fecal microbiota was found in supplemented sows, with changes across phylum, family, and genus. These changes were greater at day 8, suggesting a relevant role of probiotics establishing a new intestinal balance after labor. Shifts in the microbiota were also seen in the piglets, with a clearer impact post-weaning than in suckling. In this regard, correlations between microbial groups of sows and piglets showed a higher link with weaned (d33) than with suckling pigs (d21) reinforcing the idea of an early maternal carry-over. No changes due to treatment in jejunal gene expression were detected, however, piglet size had a clear impact on different genes. In summary, the addition of both probiotics, and particularly Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, demonstrated potential benefits on the prolificacy of sows. Daily feeding of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens resulted in an increase in the number of weaned piglets. The high correlations between the compositions of the microbiota of sows and their piglets is evidence of maternal imprinting, with effects lasting beyond weaning.

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“…In another study by our group, using this approach, transmission of the B. altitudinis strain to piglets born to sows fed probiotic spores was demonstrated. These animals had improved PW feed efficiency and residual growth performance 32 , proving the effectiveness of this delivery route. Another likely reason for the benefits observed from maternal supplementation is the early-life probiotic exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…A potentially beneficial effect of probiotic administration was the increase in butyrate-producing genera, such as Agathobacter, Faecalibacterium and Roseburia 73 , 74 . In another study by our group 32 , butyrate-producing taxa (e.g. Lachnospiraceae , Blautia , Ruminococcus and Roseburia ) were more abundant in the faeces and ileal digesta of the offspring from B. altitudinis- supplemented sows compared with those from unsupplemented sows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Intestinal microbiota modulation and improved growth in pigs with post-weaning antibiotic and ZnO supplementation but only subtle microbiota effects with Bacillus altitudinis

Crespo-Piazuelo

Lawlor

Ranjitkar

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The objective was to evaluate the effect of dietary Bacillus altitudinis spore supplementation during day (D)0–28 post-weaning (PW) and/or D29–56 PW compared with antibiotic and zinc oxide (AB + ZnO) supplementation on pig growth and gut microbiota. Eighty piglets were selected at weaning and randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments: (1) negative control (Con/Con); (2) probiotic spores from D29–56 PW (Con/Pro); (3) probiotic spores from D0–28 PW (Pro/Con); (4) probiotic spores from D0–56 PW (Pro/Pro) and (5) AB + ZnO from D0–28 PW. Overall, compared with the AB + ZnO group, the Pro/Con group had lower body weight, average daily gain and feed intake and the Pro/Pro group tended to have lower daily gain and feed intake. However, none of these parameters differed between any of the probiotic-treated groups and the Con/Con group. Overall, AB + ZnO-supplemented pigs had higher Bacteroidaceae and Prevotellaceae and lower Lactobacillaceae and Spirochaetaceae abundance compared to the Con/Con group, which may help to explain improvements in growth between D15–28 PW. The butyrate-producing genera Agathobacter, Faecalibacterium and Roseburia were more abundant in the Pro/Con group compared with the Con/Con group on D35 PW. Thus, whilst supplementation with B. altitudinis did not enhance pig growth performance, it did have a subtle, albeit potentially beneficial, impact on the intestinal microbiota.

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Maternal supplementation with Bacillus altitudinis spores improves porcine offspring growth performance and carcass weight

Cited by 19 publications

References 43 publications

Importance of Zinc Nanoparticles for the Intestinal Microbiome of Weaned Piglets

Importance of Zinc Nanoparticles for the Intestinal Microbiome of Weaned Piglets

Potential effect of twoBacillusprobiotic strains on performance and fecal microbiota of breeding sows and their piglets

Intestinal microbiota modulation and improved growth in pigs with post-weaning antibiotic and ZnO supplementation but only subtle microbiota effects with Bacillus altitudinis

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