Maternal testosterone and fetal sex

Meulenberg, P. M. M.; Hofman, J

doi:10.1016/0960-0760(91)90012-t

Cited by 99 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Women carrying a male fetus have lower levels of hCG (11,(43)(44)(45)(46) and estriol (12) than those carrying a female fetus. Findings on testosterone have been less consistent: levels in maternal and cord serum at term were not shown to be significantly different by offspring gender in some studies (43,47), whereas higher maternal and amniotic fluid levels in male bearers were found in others (48,49). Progesterone levels in maternal and fetal blood tend to be higher in male bearers than female bearers, although the difference was not significant (43,50).…”

Section: Offspring Gender and Maternal Risk Of Ovarian Cancer Cancer mentioning

confidence: 79%

Gender of Offspring and Maternal Risk of Invasive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Baik¹,

Lambe²,

Liu³

et al. 2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Gender of a fetus is associated with maternal hormonal milieu and may therefore modify maternal risk of ovarian cancer following a birth. We evaluated the relation between gender of offspring and maternal risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in a large casecontrol study nested within a nationwide cohort. Cohort members were identified in the Swedish Fertility Register. Cases of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer were identified in the Swedish National Cancer Register from 1961 to 2001. Five controls were matched by age to each case. A total of 7,407 cases and 37,658 controls with only singleton births were included in the analysis. We fit logistic regression models to study the association between gender of offspring and ovarian cancer risk, controlling for covariates. Maternal risk of ovarian cancer was reduced with increasing numbers of male offspring and increased with number of female offspring. Compared with women who gave birth to only girls, multivariate odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer were 0.92 (0.87-0.98) for those who gave birth to one boy, 0.87 (0.80-0.94) for two boys, and 0.82 (0.73-0.94) for three or more boys (P value test for trend < 0.001). There was a positive but nonsignificant association with number of girls. Similar results were observed when restricting the analysis to women born before 1935. Our findings suggest that hormonal and physiologic conditions in pregnancy with male, but not with female, offspring are associated with a lowered maternal risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(11):2314 -20)

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Section: Offspring Gender and Maternal Risk Of Ovarian Cancer Cancer mentioning

confidence: 79%

Gender of Offspring and Maternal Risk of Invasive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Baik¹,

Lambe²,

Liu³

et al. 2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…A captive pregnant Yangtze finless porpoise that successfully gave birth to a male calf [23] also demonstrated high serum T 2 concentrations, especially in the third trimester of its pregnancy, which reached 50 ng/dL (unpublished data). It was reported that the maternal serum T 2 concentration was highly related to the gender of the fetus in some other mammals [24] and humans [25]. Therefore, further work is needed to fully elucidate serum T 2 profiles in the pregnant Yangtze finless porpoise.…”

Section: Reproductive Endocrinologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum concentrations of gonadotropins and steroid hormones of Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis in middle and lower regions of the Yangtze River

et al. 2007

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“…The hormones measured in maternal serum are produced by the mother and the placenta. Maternal androgens increase in pregnancy [138][139][140], perhaps due to increased binding by SHBG and thus higher levels of bound (but not unbound) testosterone [132,141]. Maternal testosterone does not appear to come from the fetus; several studies failed to find a difference in testosterone serum levels between women carrying a male and those carrying a female fetus [142][143][144][145].…”

Section: Interpretation Of Findings: Maternal Hormones and Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early in pregnancy, there may be transfer of androgens from one twin to the other, as steroids readily cross the fetal membranes (and placenta) and the fetal skin is permeable to hormones dissolved in the amniotic fluid [195,196]. Later in pregnancy, changes in the fetal skin prevent the simple diffusion of amniotic fluid constituents [195], but hormones from one twin may reach the other twin via trans-membrane transport and the maternal-fetal circulation [140]. If these mechanisms of transfer differ in their effectiveness, and if the brain is more sensitive to androgens during some periods than during other periods, then androgens from a male co-twin might not be equivalent in their effects across pregnancy.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Findings In Opposite-sex Twinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal sex hormone effects on child and adult sex-typed behavior: methods and findings

Cohen-Bendahan

Beek

Berenbaum

2005

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

491

400

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There is now good evidence that human sex-typed behavior is influenced by sex hormones that are present during prenatal development, confirming studies in other mammalian species. Most of the evidence comes from clinical populations, in which prenatal hormone exposure is atypical for a person's sex, but there is increasing evidence from the normal population for the importance of prenatal hormones. In this paper, we briefly review the evidence, focusing attention on the methods used to study behavioral effects of prenatal hormones. We discuss the promises and pitfalls of various types of studies, including those using clinical populations (concentrating on those most commonly studied, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen insensitivity syndrome, ablatio penis, and cloacal exstrophy), direct measures of hormones in the general population (assayed through umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, and maternal serum during pregnancy), and indirect measures of hormones in the general population (inferred from intrauterine position and biomarkers such as otoacoustic emissions, finger length ratios, and dermatoglyphic asymmetries). We conclude with suggestions for interpreting and conducting studies of the behavioral effects of prenatal hormones. q

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Maternal testosterone and fetal sex

Cited by 99 publications

References 20 publications

Gender of Offspring and Maternal Risk of Invasive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Gender of Offspring and Maternal Risk of Invasive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Serum concentrations of gonadotropins and steroid hormones of Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis in middle and lower regions of the Yangtze River

Prenatal sex hormone effects on child and adult sex-typed behavior: methods and findings

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