Maternofetal Transmission of IgG-Bound Hepatitis B e Antigen

Arakawa, Koshu; Tsuda, Fumio; Takahashi, Kazuaki; Ise, Iku; Naito, Shigeko; Kosugi, Emiko; Miyakawa, Yuzo; Matsui, Makoto

doi:10.1203/00006450-198203000-00017

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The observation reported herein, that most CH-B patients possess anti-HBe as well HBeAg in serum, suggests that HBeAg/anti-HBe IC's rather than free HBeAg may be transported across the placenta. This is consistent with a report that virtually all the HBeAg in the cord blood of infants born to CH-B infected mothers was immune-complexed (47). The correlation between anti-HBe production and the degree of liver disease among CH-B patients is consistent with the hypothesis that T cell tolerance to HBeAg leads to chronicity, and suggests that HBeAg-specific T cells emerging from the tolerant state mediate viral clearance and the serologic responses characterized in profiles II and III (Table I).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

The serology of chronic hepatitis B infection revisited.

McLachlan²,

et al. 1993

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The serology of chronic hepatitis B infection has been established through the use of commercial immunoassays to measure the structural antigens of the hepatitis B virus and their respective antibodies in serum. However, the commercial assays have not been designed to detect serum antibodies in the presence of an excess of circulating antigens. A series of serum samples from 200 HBeAg-positive, chronically infected hepatitis B patients with varying degrees of liver disease were analyzed using novel immunoassays designed to detect antibodies in the presence ofcirculating viral antigens. All patients, regardless of their liver disease, were seronegative for antibodies specific for the envelope antigens or the secreted nucleoprotein antigen (HBeAg) when the commercial assays were used. In contrast, virtually all chronically infected patients with liver disease and 50% of patients without liver disease demonstrated anti-HBe and anti-envelope antibodies when sera were tested in the more sensitive immunoassays. Furthermore, asymptomatic patients could be serologically distinguished from symptomatic patients based on antibody fine specificity, titer, and IgG subclass. This study revealed that the majority of chronically infected hepatitis B patients produce a variety of antibodies for many years, and are not immunologically unresponsive, as suggested by the current assays. (J. Clin. Invest. 1993Invest. . 91:2586Invest. -2595

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

The serology of chronic hepatitis B infection revisited.

McLachlan²,

et al. 1993

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“…A number of studies indicate that the HBeAg, either free or complexed to immunoglobulin, can cross the human placenta (1,21,24,51,54). Previous studies suggested that in utero exposure to HBeAg through placental transfer may result in T-cell tolerance and explain the greater than 90% chronicity rates of infants born to HBV-infected, HBeAg-positive mothers (31).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Tolerance Split between Hepatitis B Virus Precore and Core Proteins

Chen

Sällberg

Hughes

et al. 2005

J Virol

199

153

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“…The ability of HBeAg to cross the murine placenta may not be the relevant issue in light of the significant evidence that HBeAg can cross the human placenta. [75][76][77][78] HBeAg may be transported across the human placenta in the form of immunoglobulin G-HBeAg immune complexes. 75 The vast majority of HBeAg-positive CHB patients possess both anti-HBe antibodies together with HBeAg in excess that only can be detected by sensitive immune complex assays.…”

Section: Hbeag and Vertical Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[75][76][77][78] HBeAg may be transported across the human placenta in the form of immunoglobulin G-HBeAg immune complexes. 75 The vast majority of HBeAg-positive CHB patients possess both anti-HBe antibodies together with HBeAg in excess that only can be detected by sensitive immune complex assays. 79 Therefore, conservation of the precore region may represent a viral strategy to guarantee persistence during vertical transmission of HBV, which is the major source of chronic infection in endemic areas.…”

Section: Hbeag and Vertical Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Biological Basis of Hepatitis B E Antigen in Hepatitis B Virus Infection

2003

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The function of the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is largely unknown because it is not required for viral assembly, replication, or infection. In this report we chronicle clinical and experimental studies in an attempt to understand the role of HBeAg in natural infection. H epatitis B virus (HBV) infects more than 300 million people and is a major cause of acute and chronic liver disease in the world. HBV infection has been linked unequivocally to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Since the discovery of HBV nearly 3 decades ago, great strides have been made not only in characterizing the molecular biology and immunology of HBV infection, but also in defining the mechanisms of pathogenesis in hepatitis B. However, a few areas of HBV remain highly controversial and/or largely undefined. The biologic function of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) has been such an area of intense research. HBeAg is an accessory protein of HBV, not required for viral replication but important for natural infection in vivo. In this report, we discuss the current state of knowledge and highlight the recent advances in understanding this intriguing gene product, mostly in the context of natural HBV infection and its associated disease.

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Maternofetal Transmission of IgG-Bound Hepatitis B e Antigen

Cited by 41 publications

References 7 publications

The serology of chronic hepatitis B infection revisited.

The serology of chronic hepatitis B infection revisited.

Immune Tolerance Split between Hepatitis B Virus Precore and Core Proteins

Exploring the Biological Basis of Hepatitis B E Antigen in Hepatitis B Virus Infection

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