Math homework purpose scale: Confirming the factor structure with high school students

Abstract

The present investigation aims to test the validity of scores on the math homework purpose scale (MHPS) for high school students. Factorial results found that the MHPS contained three subscales: academic purpose, self‐regulatory purpose, and approval‐seeking purpose. Furthermore, the MHPS had a sufficient level of measurement and latent factor mean invariance across gender and grade level. Additionally, the MHPS had adequate coefficient alpha and omega coefficients. Regarding its validity evidence, consistent with theoretical predictions, the MHPS was associated positively with homework effort and completion. In summary, our investigation presents strong evidence showing that the MHPS is a valid tool for use with high school students.

Homework Approach Scale for Middle School Students

“…Based on extant literature (Xu, 2021), one item measured homework completion: “How much of your assigned mathematics homework do you usually complete?” Responses were made using 5-point options, varying from 1 = none to 5 = all . Regarding its validity evidence, Xu (2017) found that consistent with theoretical expectations, responses to this item were positively associated with homework expectancy, value, effort, and mathematics achievement.…”

“…Based on extant literature (Xu, 2021), one item measured homework completion: "How much of your assigned mathematics homework do you usually complete?" Responses were made using 5-point options, varying from 1 = none to 5 = all.…”

Individual and class-level factors for students’ management of homework environment: The self-regulation perspective

“…Second, compared with tasks in other achievement domains, students often experience math problems as particularly challenging and wearisome (Hagger et al, 2010). As a result, more effort and higher self-regulation are required for math learning (Marsh et al, 2016;Xu, 2021). Furthermore, math is an achievement domain with a high demand for homework across different countries (Kitsantas et al, 2011;Xu, 2015).…”

Homework Expectancy Value Cost Scale for Middle School Students: A Validation Study

“…Commonly referred to as “tasks assigned to students by school teachers that are meant to be carried out during nonschool hours” (Cooper, 1989, p. 7), homework is a widespread, century-old educational activity with everyday importance for students across countries (Fan et al, 2017; Xu, 2021). It is also “a unique academic task” that “involves different motivational processes than do school-bound academic activities” (Katz et al, 2009, p. 251).…”