Mathematical Analysis for the Optimization of a Design in a Facultative Pond: Indicator Organism and Organic Matter

Abstract

Stabilization ponds are easy to operate and their maintenance is simple. Treatment is carried out naturally and they are recommended in developing countries. The main disadvantage of these systems is the large land area they occupy. The aim of this study was to perform an optimization in the design and cost of a facultative pond, considering a mathematical analysis of the traditional methodology to determine the model constraints (fecal coliforms and organic matter). Matlab optimization toolbox was used for nonlinear programming. A facultative pond with the traditional method was designed and then the optimization system was applied. Both analyses meet the treated water quality requirements for the discharge to the receiving bodies. The results show a reduction of hydraulic retention time by 4.82 days, and a decrease in the area of 17.9 percent over the traditional method. A sensitivity analysis of the mathematical model is included. It is recommended to realize a full-scale study in order to verify the results of the optimization.

Oxidation pond for municipal wastewater treatment

“…Helminths settle to the bottom of the pond, and bacteria and viruses are removed by attaching to settling solids within the pond or die with the loss of available food or by the presence of predators. In practice, anaerobic ponds are usually incorporated alongside facultative ponds (Martinez et al 2014).…”

“…In comparison with the other pond types, the characteristics of the maturation pond include a depth range between 1 and 1.15 m (Kayombo et al 2010), which makes it shallower than all of the ponds besides the aerobic. Generally, maturation ponds maintain anaerobic conditions (Martinez et al 2014). …”

“…Also, the authors not only incorporate a discussion on the relationship with velocity and shear stress, but include the effects of shear stress and turbulence on the growth of microorganisms and algae. Martinez et al (2014) compared traditional methods of pond design with mathematical software (Matlab) to find a cost-effective facultative pond that can reduce fecal coliform and BOD. The authors examine each method based on the number of baffles and the hydraulic efficiency.…”

Analysis of wastewater facultative pond using advection-diffusion model based on explicit finite difference method

“…The transport of pollutants through displacement and mass spread of substances takes place in facultative ponds. The transportation of a substance from one site to another is called advection [1]. The spread of particles due to random molecular motion is described by Fick's law as diffusion [2].…”

Multi-period Quadratic Programming Model for Sewon-Bantul Facultative Ponds Optimization

“…Some advance researches were conducted to develop new approaches for wastewater treatment model using specific methods such as statistical analysis approaches [9], distillation column model approach [10], phosphorus content analysis [11], physio-chemical & micro-biological [12], oxygen electrode & biological approach [13], organism & organic matter analysis [14], quadratic programming approach [15], a multi-objective particle swarm optimization for conjunctive use of treated wastewater & groundwater [16], fenton oxidation process optimization [17], data-driven in pumping station [18], WEST software approach for solid retention time optimization [19], integrated wastewater treatment for multiple input configurations, reuse, & disposal options [20], electrochemical oxidation for saline wastewater treatment [21], and wastewater treatment optimization using moving bed biofilm reactor method [22]. Furthermore, some articles in the literature were published on the utilization of wastewater residual, such as, for brick making [23], recycling [24], sludge for biodiesel [25], microbial fuel cells for power generation [26], etc.…”