Mathematical analysis of trabecular ‘trajectories’ in apparent trajectorial structures: The unfortunate historical emphasis on the human proximal femur

Skedros, John G.; Baucom, Sidney L.

doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.06.029

Cited by 100 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 166 publications

(242 reference statements)

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“…Our data show different bone volumes across the proximal femur of ACRO patients, which could indicate inter-regional variance in the responsiveness to factors impacting bone mass in this condition. Moreover, it is well known that a large bone structure depends on the forces applied to the bone (25). Thus, the forces acting on normal bone are different from those applied on a bone that is growing larger and more rapidly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density at the proximal femur in patients with acromegaly

Valassi

Crespo

Malouf

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Data on dual energy absorptiometry (DXA)-measured bone mineral density (BMD) at the level of the total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN) in patients with acromegaly (ACRO) are conflicting. Increase in bone size associated with ACRO may limit the reliability of DXA. Our objective is to evaluate trabecular and cortical volumetric BMD (vBMD) across the proximal femur in ACRO patients. Design: Cross sectional study in a clinical research center. Patients: Thirty-five ACRO patients (19 males; mean age, 48G7 years; BMI, 27.5G4.4 kg/m 2 ; 17 with active disease) and 35 age, gender, and BMI-matched controls.Results: vBMD was assessed by quantitative computed tomography at the level of the TH, FN, trochanter (TR), and intertrochanteric (IT). Trabecular vBMD was lower in both total and active ACRO as compared with controls (P!0.01). Cortical vBMD was lower in ACRO patients (active and controlled) vs controls at both TH and TR sites (P!0.05). These findings were confirmed when only eugonadal patients were analyzed. Both total cross sectional area (CSA) and average cortical thickness (ACT) were greater in ACRO patients vs controls (P!0.05). An inverse association between disease duration and trabecular vBMD at TH (rZK0.42, PZ0.023) and IT (rZK0.41, PZ0.026) was also found. Conclusion: Both cortical and trabecular vBMD are reduced at the proximal femur in ACRO patients, regardless of gender, gonadal status, and disease activity. Disease duration is negatively associated with trabecular vBMD at the TH and IT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density at the proximal femur in patients with acromegaly

Valassi

Crespo

Malouf

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…The observation of a nonrandom and anisotropic trabecular architecture, for example in the proximal femur of humans and primates, led Julius Wolff and contemporaries to the conclusion that the bone structure follows a mechanical optimization principle (Huiskes, 2000;Skedros and Baucom, 2007). Much later the concept of a mechanostat controlling the process of bone (re)modeling was proposed (Frost, 1987) to explain functional bone adaptation (Robling et al, 2006;Fratzl and Weinkamer, 2007) during life.…”

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confidence: 99%

Structural Adaptation of Trabecular Bone Revealed by Position Resolved Analysis of Proximal Femora of Different Primates

Saparin

Scherf

Hublin

et al. 2010

The Anatomical Record

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The anisotropic arrangement of trabeculae in the proximal femur of humans and primates is seen as striking evidence for the functional adaptation of trabecular bone architecture. Quantitative evidence to demonstrate this adaptation for trabecular bone is still scarce, because experimental design of controlled load change is difficult. In this work, we use the natural variation of loading caused by a different main locomotor behavior of primates. Using high-resolution computed tomography and advanced image analysis techniques, we analyze the heterogeneity of the architecture in four proximal femora of four primate species. Although the small sample number does not allow an interspecies comparison, the very differently loaded bones are well suited to search for common structural features as a result of adaptation. A cubic volume of interest of size (5 mm) 3 was moved through the proximal femur and a morphometric analysis including local anisotropy was performed on 209 positions on average. The correlation of bone volume fraction (BV/TV) with trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) leads to the suggestion of two different mechanisms of trabecular bone adaptation. Higher values of BV/TV in highly loaded regions of the proximal femur are due to a thickening of the trabeculae, whereas Tb.N does not change. In less loaded regions, however, lower values of BV/TV are found, caused by a reduction of the number of the trabeculae, whereas Tb.Th remains constant. This reduction in Tb.N goes along with an increase in the degree of anisotropy, indicating an adaptive selection of trabeculae. Anat Rec, 294:55-67, 2011. V V C 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…The femoral head, subjected to body weight tends to bend the femoral neck which leads to tension in the superior and compression in the inferior aspect of the femoral neck (Townsley, 1948;Skedros & Baucom, 2007). The arch-like pattern is then gradually extended across the head of the femur and the appearance of the pattern is more defined while bone is undertaking loading at the age of 2.5 years.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Background Trabecular bone of the proximal femur is arranged in "arch-like" lines: within the lines, individual trabecula is formed accordingly in the directions that follow both compressive and tensile stress originate externally and internally from the hip joint (Singh et al, 1970;Thompson, 1992;Skedros & Baucom, 2007;Mellon & Tanner, 2012). In the ideal trabecular arrangement, five distinct trabeculae groups in the proximal femur were identified by Singh and his colleagues in 1970 (Singh et al, 1970), as shown in Fig.…”

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A study of human and bovine trabecular bones using nanoindentation and quantitative backscattered electron imaging

Lin¹

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Osteoporosis is a disease with which bone progressively loses density and becomes fragile, leading to high risk of bone fracture. It is a major health issue in Australia, especially in the elderly population. Early awareness about the disease can help find effective medication and reduce bone fractures with appropriate lifestyle changes. In medical diagnosis, bone mineral density (BMD) measurement is used. However, thereare increased evidences to demonstrate that BMD measurement alone may be insufficient to detect the pathological changes in bone that caused by the disease. Therefore, it is essential to gain a more complete understanding of the bone properties and their effect on osteoporosis.Bone is a hierarchical composite material, which mainly consists of mineral apatite and organic matrix. Previous studies found that osteoporosis or aging could cause microstructural changes in trabecular bones of a proximal femur, the most common site for osteoporosis, and an increased degree of anisotropy was observed in osteoporotic bone properties. To identify the risk of fracture occurrence in the proximal femur as well as to prevent bone fracture, it is important to understand the relationship between bone mineral composition and bone mechanical properties. This thesis thus focused on the characterisation of the mechanical properties and mineral composition of trabecular bone, in order to address several key issues relating to the causes of osteoporosis, including: how does trabecular bone respond to different loading directions? how do bone cysts (which are the implication of pathological scenario due to the trabecular fracture) affect the mechanical properties and the mineral composition of trabeculae ? how does the mineral content affect the mechanical properties of trabeculae across different trabecular types and pathology scenarios ?To answer those questions, trabecular bone samples harvested from bovine and human femoral heads were prepared for testing. Nanoindentation was first used to characterise the mechanical behaviour of trabeculae and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to examine the bone surface tomography. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) was utilized for determining the bone mineral density distribution and the mineral content.ii The results showed that at microscopic scale longitudinal trabeculae were stiffer and harder than transverse trabeculae, because those bones were more highly mineralized.Longitudinal trabeculae also exhibited greater resistance to plastic deformation. The difference in mechanical properties between longitudinal and transverse trabeculae is partially attributed to the difference in their mineral compositions. To further understand the mechanical behaviour of trabeculae, longitudinal and transverse trabeculae were tested in two orthogonal directions. Results showed that both longitudinal and transverse trabeculae had greater elastic modulus in axial direction than in radial direction. Because the axial loading direction is axially aligned with th...

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Mathematical analysis of trabecular ‘trajectories’ in apparent trajectorial structures: The unfortunate historical emphasis on the human proximal femur

Cited by 100 publications

References 166 publications

Reduction of trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density at the proximal femur in patients with acromegaly

Reduction of trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density at the proximal femur in patients with acromegaly

Structural Adaptation of Trabecular Bone Revealed by Position Resolved Analysis of Proximal Femora of Different Primates

A study of human and bovine trabecular bones using nanoindentation and quantitative backscattered electron imaging

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