Mathematical description of the properties of muscle tissue

Mesomechanical model and analysis of an artificial muscle functioning: role of Poisson’s ratio

“…This time lag increases with increasing values of the force P 1 . This feature of the deformation of an actuator tissue is observed, for example, in studies related to muscles under isotonic electro-excitation [7,8].…”

“…We can use the known experimental data presented in open literature references for the testing of the developed technique. Following equation (7) the monofilament is characterized by 12 independent parameters: the length L, the cross-sectional area S f ; the density ρ; the instantaneous E and long-term H moduli of elasticity; the relaxation time τ, and the 6 parameters of actomyosin interaction k 1 , k 2 , f, δ, α max , C α .…”

“…as an example of the use of the developed mathematical model (7). We obtain C α =2.75 when taking account of equation (3) using the same technique as in [8] for the identification of the parameter C α .…”

“…At present, the calculation methods to estimate the kinematic and power characteristics of these actuators are based on the use of phenomenological models describing the process of the active deformation that are a combination of elastic, viscous, inertial and contractile elements [6][7][8]. The characteristics of the actuator components are identified by a test carried out using MTA in isometric (for fixed displacement) and isotonic (for fixed power) electro-excitation.…”

“…However, a similar nature of functional relationships between the various parameters of the biological muscle and its artificial analogs can be noted. In particular, the dependence of the generated force on the current longitudinal compressive strain of the pneumatic actuator [9] is similar to the corresponding dependence for the skeletal muscles [6,7]. In this regard, it is important to analyze the operation of the actuator, which implements the biological mechanism of activation (bio-actuator).…”